{"level":"N1","groups":{"moji":{"zh":"文字・语汇","en":"Vocabulary","ja":"文字・語彙"},"bunpou":{"zh":"语法","en":"Grammar","ja":"文法"},"dokkai":{"zh":"阅读","en":"Reading","ja":"読解"},"choukai":{"zh":"听力","en":"Listening","ja":"聴解"}},"types":{"kanji":{"g":"moji","zh":"汉字读音","en":"Kanji reading","ja":"漢字読み"},"bunmyaku":{"g":"moji","zh":"选词填空","en":"Word in context","ja":"文脈規定"},"iikae":{"g":"moji","zh":"同义句","en":"Paraphrase","ja":"言い換え類義"},"youhou":{"g":"moji","zh":"词语用法","en":"Usage","ja":"用法"}},"lessons":{"lesson76":{"zh":"時間・時点 — が早いか/や否や/なり/そばから/てからというもの/を皮切りに/に至って","en":"Time & Timing — が早いか/や否や/なり/そばから/てからというもの/を皮切りに/に至って"},"lesson77":{"zh":"限定・範囲 — をおいて〜ない/ならでは/にとどまらず/はおろか/もさることながら/に限ったことではない/を限りに","en":"Limits & Scope — をおいて〜ない/ならでは/にとどまらず/はおろか/もさることながら/に限ったことではない/を限りに"},"lesson78":{"zh":"例示・並列 — といい〜といい/といわず〜といわず/なり〜なり/であれ〜であれ/だの〜だの/（よ）うが〜まいが","en":"Examples & Pairs — といい〜といい/といわず〜といわず/なり〜なり/であれ〜であれ/だの〜だの/（よ）うが〜まいが"},"lesson79":{"zh":"強調・極限 — たりとも/すら・ですら/にして/からある・からする/あっての/の極み・の至り","en":"Emphasis & Extremes — たりとも/すら・ですら/にして/からある・からする/あっての/の極み・の至り"},"lesson80":{"zh":"逆接・譲歩 — ものを/といえども/ところを/ながらも/とはいうものの/（よ）うが・（よ）うと/にしたって","en":"Concession & Contrast — ものを/といえども/ところを/ながらも/とはいうものの/（よ）うが・（よ）うと/にしたって"},"lesson81":{"zh":"条件・仮定 — なくして（は）/ともなると/とあれば/たら最後/ようでは/ないまでも","en":"Conditions & Hypotheses — なくして（は）/ともなると/とあれば/たら最後/ようでは/ないまでも"},"lesson82":{"zh":"目的・原因 — べく/んがため（に）/ゆえ（に）/とあって/こととて/にかこつけて","en":"Purpose & Cause — べく/んがため（に）/ゆえ（に）/とあって/こととて/にかこつけて"},"lesson85":{"zh":"評価・判断 1 — までもない/までだ/には及ばない/に足る/に堪える/にかたくない","en":"Evaluation & Judgement 1 — までもない/までだ/には及ばない/に足る/に堪える/にかたくない"},"lesson83":{"zh":"関連・対応・無関係 — いかんで/いかんにかかわらず/をよそに/によらず/に即して/にかかわる","en":"Dependence, Correspondence & Disregard — いかんで/いかんにかかわらず/をよそに/によらず/に即して/にかかわる"},"lesson84":{"zh":"付随・非付随・強制 — なしに/ことなしに/ずにはおかない/ずにはすまない/を禁じ得ない/を余儀なくされる","en":"Without, Inevitability & Compulsion — なしに/ことなしに/ずにはおかない/ずにはすまない/を禁じ得ない/を余儀なくされる"},"lesson87":{"zh":"感情・強調 — てやまない/極まりない/といったらない/限りだ/とは/てはばからない","en":"Emotion & Emphasis — てやまない/極まりない/といったらない/限りだ/とは/てはばからない"},"lesson86":{"zh":"評価・判断 2 — べくもない/てしかるべきだ/でなくてなんだろう/ないではすまない/ないものでもない/ばそれまでだ","en":"Evaluation & Judgement 2 — べくもない/てしかるべきだ/でなくてなんだろう/ないではすまない/ないものでもない/ばそれまでだ"},"lesson88":{"zh":"様子・状態 — ずくめ/まみれ/ぐるみ/めく/ともなく/ながらに","en":"Manner & State — ずくめ/まみれ/ぐるみ/めく/ともなく/ながらに"},"lesson89":{"zh":"並行・付帯 — かたがた/がてら/かたわら/つ〜つ/なりに/とばかりに","en":"Parallel & Accompanying Actions — かたがた/がてら/かたわら/つ〜つ/なりに/とばかりに"},"lesson90":{"zh":"書き言葉・文語 — （よ）うにも〜ない/べからず/ごとき/ずとも/んばかり/をもって","en":"Written & Classical Forms — （よ）うにも〜ない/べからず/ごとき/ずとも/んばかり/をもって"},"lesson91":{"zh":"立場・対比・その他 — にひきかえ/ともあろう/たる（もの）/ではあるまいし/と相まって/に則って","en":"Stance, Contrast & More — にひきかえ/ともあろう/たる（もの）/ではあるまいし/と相まって/に則って"}},"refs":{"lesson77#7":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜を限りに（以……为限（此后不再））","en":"〜を限りに (As of… / …will be the last)","slug":"7._〜を限りに（以……为限（此后不再））","conj":{"zh":["名詞（今日、今月末、今回、本年度、今シーズン等时间名词）+ を限りに","固定说法：「声を限りに」（用尽全力大声地）"],"en":["Noun (time words: 今日, 今月末, 今回, 本年度, 今シーズン…) + を限りに","Set phrase: 「声を限りに」 (at the top of one's voice)"]},"ex":{"ja":"今日を限りに、たばこはきっぱりやめることにした。","zh":"我决定从今天起彻底戒烟。","en":"I've decided that today is the last day I smoke — I'm quitting for good."}},"lesson77#5":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜もさることながら（……固然……，……更是……）","en":"〜もさることながら (A is one thing, but B even more…)","slug":"5._〜もさることながら（……固然……，……更是……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + もさることながら"],"en":["Noun + もさることながら"]},"ex":{"ja":"この店の料理は、味もさることながら、盛り付けの美しさが際立っている。","zh":"这家店的菜，味道固然好，摆盘之美更是出众。","en":"The food here tastes good, of course, but what really stands out is how beautifully it's presented."}},"lesson86#1":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜べくもない（根本无法……；无从……）","en":"〜べくもない (Can't possibly… / There's no way to…)","slug":"1._〜べくもない（根本无法……；无从……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + べくもない","する → すべくもない（するべくもない）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + べくもない","する → すべくもない (するべくもない)"]},"ex":{"ja":"当時の人々が何を考えていたのか、今となっては知るべくもない。","zh":"当时的人们在想什么，如今已无从得知。","en":"There's no way of knowing now what people at the time were thinking."}},"lesson84#6":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜を余儀なくされる/を余儀なくさせる（被迫……／迫使……）","en":"〜を余儀なくされる/を余儀なくさせる (Be forced to… / Force… to…)","slug":"6._〜を余儀なくされる/を余儀なくさせる（被迫……／迫使……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + を余儀なくされる（「人は〜を余儀なくされる」）","名詞 + を余儀なくさせる（「事情が人に〜を余儀なくさせる」）"],"en":["Noun + を余儀なくされる (「someone は〜を余儀なくされる」)","Noun + を余儀なくさせる (「a circumstance が someone に〜を余儀なくさせる」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"台風の接近により、大会は中止を余儀なくされた。","zh":"由于台风逼近，比赛被迫取消。","en":"With a typhoon approaching, the tournament had to be called off."}},"lesson81#1":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜なくして（は）（没有……就不可能……）","en":"〜なくして（は） (Without… / But for…)","slug":"1._〜なくして（は）（没有……就不可能……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + なくして（は）","動詞辞書形 + ことなくして（は）"],"en":["Noun + なくして（は）","Verb dictionary form + ことなくして（は）"]},"ex":{"ja":"皆様のご協力なくして、今回のプロジェクトの成功はありえませんでした。","zh":"没有各位的协助，这次项目就不可能成功。","en":"Without your help, this project could never have succeeded."}},"lesson85#5":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜に堪える/〜に堪えない（经得起……；不堪……；不胜……）","en":"〜に堪える/〜に堪えない (Worth… / Too awful to… / Deeply…)","slug":"5._〜に堪える/〜に堪えない（经得起……；不堪……；不胜……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + に堪える／に堪えない","名詞 + に堪える／に堪えない"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + に堪える／に堪えない","Noun + に堪える／に堪えない"]},"ex":{"ja":"素人の作品とはいえ、十分鑑賞に堪える出来栄えだ。","zh":"虽说是业余作品，但完成度完全值得欣赏。","en":"It may be an amateur's work, but it's well worth looking at."}},"lesson84#5":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜を禁じ得ない（不禁……；抑制不住……）","en":"〜を禁じ得ない (Cannot help feeling… / Cannot hold back…)","slug":"5._〜を禁じ得ない（不禁……；抑制不住……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + を禁じ得ない"],"en":["Noun + を禁じ得ない"]},"ex":{"ja":"被害者の悲痛な訴えを聞き、同情を禁じ得なかった。","zh":"听了受害者悲痛的控诉，不禁深感同情。","en":"Hearing the victim's anguished plea, I couldn't help feeling for them."}},"lesson80#1":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜ものを（本来……就好了，可是却……）","en":"〜ものを (If only… but instead… / When… could have…)","slug":"1._〜ものを（本来……就好了，可是却……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞普通形 + ものを","い形容詞 + ものを","な形容詞な + ものを","常见形式：「〜ば（いい／よかった）ものを」「〜たら（いい）ものを」「せっかく〜たものを」"],"en":["Verb plain form + ものを","i-adjective + ものを","na-adjective + な + ものを","Common shapes: 「〜ば（いい／よかった）ものを」, 「〜たら（いい）ものを」, 「せっかく〜たものを」"]},"ex":{"ja":"一言相談してくれれば力になれたものを、彼はなぜ一人で抱え込んでしまったのだろう。","zh":"他要是跟我商量一句，我本可以帮上忙的，为什么一个人憋着呢？","en":"If he'd only said a word to me, I could have helped — why did he keep it all to himself?"}},"lesson76#2":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜や否や/〜や（一……就立刻……）","en":"〜や否や/〜や (As soon as… / The instant…)","slug":"2._〜や否や/〜や（一……就立刻……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + や否や","動詞辞書形 + や（更简洁、更书面）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + や否や","Verb dictionary form + や (shorter and even more formal)"]},"ex":{"ja":"大手銀行の経営破綻が報じられるや否や、株価は急落した。","zh":"大银行破产的消息一经报道，股价就暴跌了。","en":"The instant the collapse of a major bank was reported, share prices plunged."}},"lesson83#2":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜いかんにかかわらず/いかんによらず/いかんを問わず（不管……如何）","en":"〜いかんにかかわらず/いかんによらず/いかんを問わず (Whatever… may be / Regardless of…)","slug":"2._〜いかんにかかわらず/いかんによらず/いかんを問わず（不管……如何）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + の + いかんにかかわらず","名詞 + の + いかんによらず","名詞 + の + いかんを問わず"],"en":["Noun + の + いかんにかかわらず","Noun + の + いかんによらず","Noun + の + いかんを問わず"]},"ex":{"ja":"理由のいかんを問わず、一度納入された受験料はお返しできません。","zh":"无论什么理由，已缴纳的考试费一律不予退还。","en":"Exam fees, once paid, cannot be refunded for any reason whatsoever."}},"lesson84#2":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜ことなしに/ことなしには（不……（就不能）……）","en":"〜ことなしに/ことなしには (Without doing… (one can't…))","slug":"2._〜ことなしに/ことなしには（不……（就不能）……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + ことなしに","動詞辞書形 + ことなしには + 否定"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + ことなしに","Verb dictionary form + ことなしには + negative"]},"ex":{"ja":"努力することなしに成功を手にした人はいない。","zh":"没有人不经努力就获得成功。","en":"No one has ever achieved success without hard work."}},"lesson91#3":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜たるもの/〜たる（作为……就应该……）","en":"〜たるもの/〜たる (Anyone who is a… should… / Being a…)","slug":"3._〜たるもの/〜たる（作为……就应该……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + たるもの（は）、〜べきだ／なければならない／てはならない","名詞 + たる者（は）、〜","名詞A + たる + 名詞B（＝AであるB：「一国の代表たる人物」）"],"en":["Noun + たるもの（は）、〜べきだ／なければならない／てはならない","Noun + たる者（は）、〜","Noun A + たる + noun B (= B that is A: 「一国の代表たる人物」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"報道機関たるもの、事実確認を怠ってはならない。","zh":"作为新闻机构，绝不能疏于核实事实。","en":"A news organisation must never neglect to check its facts."}},"lesson76#1":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜が早いか（刚一……就……）","en":"〜が早いか (No sooner… than…)","slug":"1._〜が早いか（刚一……就……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + が早いか","動詞た形 + が早いか（较少见）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + が早いか","Verb ta-form + が早いか (less common)"]},"ex":{"ja":"息子は学校から帰るが早いか、ランドセルを放り出して遊びに行ってしまった。","zh":"儿子一放学回家，就把书包一扔玩去了。","en":"No sooner had my son got home from school than he flung down his backpack and went off to play."}},"lesson76#3":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜なり（一……就（出人意料地）……）","en":"〜なり (The moment… / No sooner…)","slug":"3._〜なり（一……就（出人意料地）……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + なり"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + なり"]},"ex":{"ja":"父は帰宅するなり、黙って書斎にこもってしまった。","zh":"父亲一回到家，就一声不吭地把自己关进了书房。","en":"The moment my father got home, he shut himself in his study without a word."}},"lesson76#4":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜そばから（刚……就又……）","en":"〜そばから (No sooner… than it's undone / As fast as…)","slug":"4._〜そばから（刚……就又……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + そばから","動詞た形 + そばから"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + そばから","Verb ta-form + そばから"]},"ex":{"ja":"片付けるそばから、子どもたちがまた部屋を散らかしていく。","zh":"刚收拾好，孩子们就又把房间弄乱了。","en":"As fast as I tidy up, the kids mess the room up again."}},"lesson76#5":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜てからというもの（自从……以后就一直……）","en":"〜てからというもの (Ever since…)","slug":"5._〜てからというもの（自从……以后就一直……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞て形 + からというもの"],"en":["Verb te-form + からというもの"]},"ex":{"ja":"妻を亡くしてからというもの、父はめっきり口数が減った。","zh":"自从母亲去世以后，父亲的话明显少了。","en":"Ever since he lost his wife, my father has become much quieter."}},"lesson76#6":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜を皮切りに（して）/を皮切りとして（以……为开端）","en":"〜を皮切りに（して）/を皮切りとして (Starting with… / Kicking off with…)","slug":"6._〜を皮切りに（して）/を皮切りとして（以……为开端）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + を皮切りに（して）","名詞 + を皮切りとして"],"en":["Noun + を皮切りに（して）","Noun + を皮切りとして"]},"ex":{"ja":"来月の東京公演を皮切りに、全国20都市を回るツアーが始まる。","zh":"以下个月的东京公演为开端，巡回全国20个城市的巡演即将开始。","en":"Kicking off with a show in Tokyo next month, the tour will visit 20 cities nationwide."}},"lesson76#7":{"lesson":"lesson76","zh":"〜に至って（は）/に至っても/に至るまで（到了……地步）","en":"〜に至って（は）/に至っても/に至るまで (When it comes to… / Even down to…)","slug":"7._〜に至って（は）/に至っても/に至るまで（到了……地步）","conj":{"zh":["名詞／動詞辞書形 + に至って（初めて／ようやく）","名詞 + に至っては","名詞／動詞辞書形 + に至っても","名詞 + に至るまで（常用「AからBに至るまで」）"],"en":["Noun / verb dictionary form + に至って (初めて / ようやく)","Noun + に至っては","Noun / verb dictionary form + に至っても","Noun + に至るまで (often 「AからBに至るまで」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"死者が出るに至って、行政はようやく本格的な対策に乗り出した。","zh":"直到出现了死者，行政部门才终于开始认真采取对策。","en":"Only when people had died did the authorities finally take serious measures."}},"lesson77#1":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜をおいて〜ない（除了……没有（更合适的））","en":"〜をおいて〜ない (Nobody/nothing but…)","slug":"1._〜をおいて〜ない（除了……没有（更合适的））","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + をおいて（ほかに）〜ない","常见句型：「〜できるのは、Aをおいてほかにいない／ない」"],"en":["Noun + をおいて（ほかに）〜ない","Common frame: 「〜できるのは、Aをおいてほかにいない／ない」"]},"ex":{"ja":"この難しい交渉を任せられるのは、彼をおいてほかにいない。","zh":"能把这场艰难的谈判交给的，除了他没有别人。","en":"He is the only person who could be trusted with these difficult negotiations."}},"lesson77#2":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜ならでは（の）（只有……才有的）","en":"〜ならでは（の） (Unique to… / Only… could…)","slug":"2._〜ならでは（の）（只有……才有的）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ならではの + 名詞","名詞 + ならではだ","名詞 + ならでは〜ない（较旧的说法：「この味は老舗ならでは出せない」只有老店才做得出这个味道）"],"en":["Noun + ならではの + noun","Noun + ならではだ","Noun + ならでは〜ない (older style: 「この味は老舗ならでは出せない」 only an old shop could produce this flavour)"]},"ex":{"ja":"老舗旅館ならではの細やかなもてなしに、海外からの客も感激していた。","zh":"老字号旅馆特有的周到款待，让海外来的客人也十分感动。","en":"Even guests from abroad were moved by the attentive hospitality only a long-established inn can offer."}},"lesson77#3":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜にとどまらず（不止于……；不仅限于……）","en":"〜にとどまらず (Not stopping at… / Going beyond…)","slug":"3._〜にとどまらず（不止于……；不仅限于……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にとどまらず","動詞辞書形 + にとどまらず"],"en":["Noun + にとどまらず","Verb dictionary form + にとどまらず"]},"ex":{"ja":"地震の被害は県内にとどまらず、近隣の県にまで及んだ。","zh":"地震的灾害不仅限于县内，还波及到了邻近各县。","en":"The earthquake damage didn't stop at the prefecture; it reached neighbouring prefectures too."}},"lesson77#4":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜はおろか（别说……就连……也）","en":"〜はおろか (Let alone… / Not to mention…)","slug":"4._〜はおろか（别说……就连……也）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + はおろか、〜も／さえ／すら／まで〜","常见句型：「Aはおろか、Bも〜ない」"],"en":["Noun + はおろか、〜も／さえ／すら／まで〜","Common frame: 「Aはおろか、Bも〜ない」"]},"ex":{"ja":"祖父は足を悪くしてから、旅行はおろか、近所への散歩さえできなくなった。","zh":"祖父腿脚不好以后，别说旅行了，连到附近散步都做不到了。","en":"Since my grandfather's legs got bad, he can't even walk around the neighbourhood, let alone travel."}},"lesson77#6":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"〜に限ったことではない（不只是……才这样）","en":"〜に限ったことではない (Not just… / Not limited to…)","slug":"6._〜に限ったことではない（不只是……才这样）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + に限ったことではない","句中形式：名詞 + に限ったことではなく、〜","常见句型：「〜のは、Aに限ったことではない」"],"en":["Noun + に限ったことではない","Mid-sentence: Noun + に限ったことではなく、〜","Common frame: 「〜のは、Aに限ったことではない」"]},"ex":{"ja":"少子高齢化は日本に限ったことではない。多くの先進国が同じ問題を抱えている。","zh":"少子老龄化并不只是日本的问题，许多发达国家都面临同样的问题。","en":"A shrinking, ageing population isn't just Japan's problem. Many developed countries face the same thing."}},"lesson78#1":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜といい〜といい（无论是……还是……（都））","en":"〜といい〜といい (Whether it's A or B… / Both A and B…)","slug":"1._〜といい〜といい（无论是……还是……（都））","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + といい + 名詞 + といい"],"en":["Noun + といい + noun + といい"]},"ex":{"ja":"この部屋は、日当たりといい広さといい、申し分ない。","zh":"这个房间无论采光还是面积，都无可挑剔。","en":"The sunlight, the size — this room couldn't be better."}},"lesson78#2":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜といわず〜といわず（不论是……还是……，（全都））","en":"〜といわず〜といわず (A and B alike / All over…)","slug":"2._〜といわず〜といわず（不论是……还是……，（全都））","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + といわず + 名詞 + といわず"],"en":["Noun + といわず + noun + といわず"]},"ex":{"ja":"子どもたちは泥遊びに夢中で、顔といわず手といわず泥だらけになっていた。","zh":"孩子们玩泥巴玩得入迷，脸上手上全都是泥。","en":"The children were so absorbed in playing in the mud that they were covered in it, faces and hands alike."}},"lesson78#3":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜なり〜なり（或是……或是……（总之要做））","en":"〜なり〜なり (Either… or… / Do something, like…)","slug":"3._〜なり〜なり（或是……或是……（总之要做））","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + なり + 動詞辞書形 + なり（+ する）","名詞（+ 助詞）+ なり + 名詞（+ 助詞）+ なり：「家族になり友人になり」"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + なり + verb dictionary form + なり (+ する)","Noun (+ particle) + なり + noun (+ particle) + なり: 「家族になり友人になり」"]},"ex":{"ja":"分からないことがあったら、先生に聞くなり辞書で調べるなりしなさい。","zh":"有不懂的地方，要么问老师，要么查词典，总之要弄明白。","en":"If there's something you don't understand, ask your teacher or look it up in a dictionary — do something."}},"lesson78#4":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜であれ〜であれ/〜であれ（无论是……还是……）","en":"〜であれ〜であれ/〜であれ (Whether A or B… / Whatever…)","slug":"4._〜であれ〜であれ/〜であれ（无论是……还是……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞／な形容詞語幹 + であれ + 名詞／な形容詞語幹 + であれ","疑問詞 + であれ：何であれ、誰であれ、どこであれ、理由はどうであれ","同义形式：〜であろうと〜であろうと"],"en":["Noun / na-adjective stem + であれ + noun / na-adjective stem + であれ","Question word + であれ: 何であれ, 誰であれ, どこであれ, 理由はどうであれ","Same meaning: 〜であろうと〜であろうと"]},"ex":{"ja":"正社員であれアルバイトであれ、仕事に対する責任に変わりはない。","zh":"无论是正式员工还是兼职，对工作的责任都是一样的。","en":"Full-time or part-time, your responsibility for the work is the same."}},"lesson78#5":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜だの〜だの（又是……又是……（不满））","en":"〜だの〜だの (…and… and so on [complaining])","slug":"5._〜だの〜だの（又是……又是……（不满））","conj":{"zh":["名詞／な形容詞語幹 + だの","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + だの","后面常接「と（言う）」「で」；也说「〜だのなんだの」（……什么的）"],"en":["Noun / na-adjective stem + だの","Verb / i-adjective plain form + だの","Often followed by 「と（言う）」 or 「で」; also 「〜だのなんだの」 (\"… and whatnot\")"]},"ex":{"ja":"弟は、宿題が多いだの先生が厳しいだのと、毎日文句ばかり言っている。","zh":"弟弟每天都在抱怨，又是作业多，又是老师严。","en":"My younger brother complains every day — too much homework, strict teachers, and so on."}},"lesson78#6":{"lesson":"lesson78","zh":"〜（よ）うが〜まいが/〜（よ）うと〜まいと（不管……不……）","en":"〜（よ）うが〜まいが/〜（よ）うと〜まいと (Whether or not…)","slug":"6._〜（よ）うが〜まいが/〜（よ）うと〜まいと（不管……不……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞意向形 + が + 同じ動詞のまい形 + が","動詞意向形 + と + 同じ動詞のまい形 + と"],"en":["Verb volitional form + が + the same verb's まい form + が","Verb volitional form + と + the same verb's まい form + と"]},"ex":{"ja":"君が賛成しようがするまいが、私の決心は変わらない。","zh":"不管你赞不赞成，我的决心都不会改变。","en":"Whether you agree or not, my mind is made up."}},"lesson79#1":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜たりとも〜ない（哪怕一……也不……）","en":"〜たりとも〜ない (Not even one…)","slug":"1._〜たりとも〜ない（哪怕一……也不……）","conj":{"zh":["一 + 量词（一日・一円・一歩・一瞬・一秒・一滴・一刻……）+ たりとも + 否定","何人（なんぴと）+ たりとも + 否定（固定说法，\"无论任何人都不……\"）"],"en":["一 + counter (一日, 一円, 一歩, 一瞬, 一秒, 一滴, 一刻…) + たりとも + negative","何人 (なんぴと) + たりとも + negative (a set phrase: \"no one whatsoever\")"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼はこの十年間、一日たりとも練習を休んだことがない。","zh":"这十年来，他一天也没有停过练习。","en":"In the last ten years he hasn't missed a single day of practice."}},"lesson79#2":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜すら/〜ですら（连……都……）","en":"〜すら/〜ですら (Even…)","slug":"2._〜すら/〜ですら（连……都……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + すら","名詞 + 助詞 + すら（にすら・とすら・からすら……）","名詞 + ですら（名词作主语时常用，尤其是人）","動詞ます形 + すら + しない"],"en":["Noun + すら","Noun + particle + すら (にすら, とすら, からすら…)","Noun + ですら (common when the noun is the subject, especially a person)","Verb masu-stem + すら + しない"]},"ex":{"ja":"忙しくて、昼ご飯を食べる時間すらない。","zh":"忙得连吃午饭的时间都没有。","en":"I'm so busy I don't even have time for lunch."}},"lesson79#3":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜にして（到了……才；既是……又是；一瞬间就……）","en":"〜にして (Only at… / Both… and… / In an instant)","slug":"3._〜にして（到了……才；既是……又是；一瞬间就……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にして（初めて／ようやく）","名詞A + にして + 名詞B（でもある）","一瞬・一夜・一日・一代 + にして"],"en":["Noun + にして (初めて / ようやく)","Noun A + にして + Noun B (でもある)","一瞬, 一夜, 一日, 一代 + にして"]},"ex":{"ja":"四十歳にしてようやく、親のありがたさが身にしみてわかった。","zh":"到了四十岁，才终于切身体会到父母的恩情。","en":"Only at forty did I finally truly understand how much I owed my parents."}},"lesson79#4":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜からある/〜からする/〜からの（足有……之多）","en":"〜からある/〜からする/〜からの (As much as… / No less than…)","slug":"4._〜からある/〜からする/〜からの（足有……之多）","conj":{"zh":["数量词 + からある + 名詞（重量、长度、距离、面积）","数量词 + からする + 名詞（价格）","数量词 + からの + 名詞（人数等，比较通用）"],"en":["Number + counter + からある + noun (weight, length, distance, area)","Number + counter + からする + noun (price)","Number + counter + からの + noun (numbers of people, and more generally)"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は30キロからある荷物を、一人で軽々と運んでしまった。","zh":"足有三十公斤重的行李，他一个人轻轻松松就搬走了。","en":"He carried a load weighing a good 30 kilos all by himself, as if it were nothing."}},"lesson79#5":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜あっての（有了……才有……）","en":"〜あっての (… exists only thanks to… / Without… there'd be no…)","slug":"5._〜あっての（有了……才有……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞A + あっての + 名詞B","名詞 + あってのことだ"],"en":["Noun A + あっての + Noun B","Noun + あってのことだ"]},"ex":{"ja":"商売はお客様あってのものだ。そのことを決して忘れてはいけない。","zh":"生意是因为有顾客才做得成的，这一点绝不能忘。","en":"A business exists only because of its customers — never forget that."}},"lesson79#6":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"〜の極み/〜の至り（……之极；无比……）","en":"〜の極み/〜の至り (The height of… / Utterly…)","slug":"6._〜の極み/〜の至り（……之极；无比……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + の極み（贅沢・痛恨・疲労・感激・無責任……）","名詞 + の至り（光栄・恐縮・赤面・汗顔・若気……）"],"en":["Noun + の極み (贅沢, 痛恨, 疲労, 感激, 無責任…)","Noun + の至り (光栄, 恐縮, 赤面, 汗顔, 若気…)"]},"ex":{"ja":"夜景を眺めながら一流シェフの料理を味わうのは、まさに贅沢の極みだ。","zh":"一边欣赏夜景一边品尝一流厨师的料理，真是奢侈至极。","en":"Savouring a top chef's cooking while gazing at the city lights is the height of luxury."}},"lesson80#2":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜といえども（即使是……也……）","en":"〜といえども (Even… / Though…)","slug":"2._〜といえども（即使是……也……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + といえども","動詞・形容詞普通形 + といえども","常和「いかに」「たとえ」连用：「いかに〜といえども」「たとえ〜といえども」"],"en":["Noun + といえども","Verb / adjective plain form + といえども","Often with 「いかに」 or 「たとえ」: 「いかに〜といえども」, 「たとえ〜といえども」"]},"ex":{"ja":"総理大臣といえども、法を犯せば罰せられる。","zh":"即使是总理大臣，触犯法律也要受罚。","en":"Even the prime minister is punished if he breaks the law."}},"lesson80#3":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜ところを（本应……的情况下却……；百忙之中……）","en":"〜ところを (When it would normally be… / Despite your being busy…)","slug":"3._〜ところを（本应……的情况下却……；百忙之中……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞普通形 + ところを","い形容詞 + ところを","名詞の + ところを","寒暄固定说法：「お忙しいところ（を）」「お休みのところ（を）」「お疲れのところ（を）」「お足元の悪いところ（を）」"],"en":["Verb plain form + ところを","i-adjective + ところを","Noun + の + ところを","Polite set phrases: 「お忙しいところ（を）」, 「お休みのところ（を）」, 「お疲れのところ（を）」, 「お足元の悪いところ（を）」"]},"ex":{"ja":"お忙しいところをお越しいただき、誠にありがとうございます。","zh":"百忙之中劳您前来，真是非常感谢。","en":"Thank you very much for coming despite your busy schedule."}},"lesson80#4":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜ながらも（虽然……但……）","en":"〜ながらも (Although… / While…)","slug":"4._〜ながらも（虽然……但……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ます形 + ながら（も）（多为状态动词：知る・思う・認める・感じる……，或「〜ていながら」）","い形容詞 + ながら（も）","な形容詞語幹 + ながら（も）","名詞 + ながら（も）"],"en":["Verb masu-stem + ながら（も） (mostly state verbs: 知る, 思う, 認める, 感じる…, or 「〜ていながら」)","i-adjective + ながら（も）","na-adjective stem + ながら（も）","Noun + ながら（も）"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼はその事実を知りながらも、最後まで口を閉ざしていた。","zh":"他明明知道那个事实，却直到最后都闭口不言。","en":"Although he knew the truth, he kept silent to the very end."}},"lesson80#5":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜とはいうものの（话虽这么说，但……）","en":"〜とはいうものの (That said… / Although…)","slug":"5._〜とはいうものの（话虽这么说，但……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞・い形容詞普通形 + とはいうものの","な形容詞・名詞（だ）+ とはいうものの","放在句首作接续词：「とはいうものの、〜」"],"en":["Verb / i-adjective plain form + とはいうものの","na-adjective / noun (だ) + とはいうものの","At the start of a sentence as a conjunction: 「とはいうものの、〜」"]},"ex":{"ja":"暦の上では春とはいうものの、まだ朝晩は冷え込む。","zh":"虽说按日历已经是春天了，但早晚还是很冷。","en":"It may be spring according to the calendar, but mornings and evenings are still cold."}},"lesson80#6":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜（よ）うが/〜（よ）うと（无论……都……）","en":"〜（よ）うが/〜（よ）うと (No matter… / Whatever…)","slug":"6._〜（よ）うが/〜（よ）うと（无论……都……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞意向形 + が／と（書こうが、食べようと、来ようが、しようと）","い形容詞（去い）+ かろう + が／と（寒かろうが、安かろうと）","な形容詞・名詞 + だろう／であろう + が／と（不便だろうが、学生であろうと）","常和疑问词或「いくら」「たとえ」「どんなに」连用"],"en":["Verb volitional form + が／と (書こうが, 食べようと, 来ようが, しようと)","i-adjective (drop い) + かろう + が／と (寒かろうが, 安かろうと)","na-adjective / noun + だろう／であろう + が／と (不便だろうが, 学生であろうと)","Often with a question word or 「いくら」, 「たとえ」, 「どんなに」"]},"ex":{"ja":"周りに何と言われようと、自分の決めた道を進むつもりだ。","zh":"不管周围的人怎么说，我都打算走自己选定的路。","en":"Whatever people around me say, I intend to follow the path I've chosen."}},"lesson81#4":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜たら最後/〜が最後（一旦……就完了）","en":"〜たら最後/〜が最後 (Once… that's the end of it)","slug":"4._〜たら最後/〜が最後（一旦……就完了）","conj":{"zh":["動詞た形 + ら最後","動詞た形 + が最後"],"en":["Verb ta-form + ら最後","Verb ta-form + が最後"]},"ex":{"ja":"あの人に秘密を話したら最後、翌日には会社中に知れ渡ってしまう。","zh":"一旦把秘密告诉那个人，第二天就会传遍整个公司。","en":"Tell that person a secret and that's it — the whole company will know by the next day."}},"lesson80#7":{"lesson":"lesson80","zh":"〜にしたって（就算……也；就连……也）","en":"〜にしたって (Even if… / Even… [casual])","slug":"7._〜にしたって（就算……也；就连……也）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にしたって","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + にしたって","疑问词 + にしたって（どっちにしたって・いずれにしたって・何にしたって）"],"en":["Noun + にしたって","Verb / i-adjective plain form + にしたって","Question word + にしたって (どっちにしたって, いずれにしたって, 何にしたって)"]},"ex":{"ja":"冗談にしたって、言っていいことと悪いことがある。","zh":"就算是开玩笑，也有该说和不该说的。","en":"Even as a joke, there are things you can say and things you can't."}},"lesson81#2":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜ともなると/〜ともなれば（一旦到了……的程度，自然就……）","en":"〜ともなると/〜ともなれば (Once it comes to… / When one becomes…)","slug":"2._〜ともなると/〜ともなれば（一旦到了……的程度，自然就……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ともなると／ともなれば","動詞辞書形 + ともなると／ともなれば（较少见）"],"en":["Noun + ともなると／ともなれば","Verb dictionary form + ともなると／ともなれば (less common)"]},"ex":{"ja":"さすがに12月ともなると、朝晩はかなり冷え込む。","zh":"到了12月，早晚果然相当冷。","en":"Once it's December, it does get quite cold in the mornings and evenings."}},"lesson81#3":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜とあれば（如果是为了……，（平时不做的事）也……）","en":"〜とあれば (If it's for… / If it's a matter of…)","slug":"3._〜とあれば（如果是为了……，（平时不做的事）也……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + とあれば","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + とあれば","な形容詞語幹 + とあれば"],"en":["Noun + とあれば","Verb / i-adjective plain form + とあれば","Na-adjective stem + とあれば"]},"ex":{"ja":"子どもの命を救うためとあれば、親はどんな犠牲も厭わないものだ。","zh":"如果是为了救孩子的命，父母付出什么代价都在所不惜。","en":"If it's to save their child's life, parents will make any sacrifice."}},"lesson82#4":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜とあって（因为是……（特殊情况），所以……）","en":"〜とあって (Because it is… / Being…)","slug":"4._〜とあって（因为是……（特殊情况），所以……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + とあって","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + とあって","な形容詞語幹 + とあって"],"en":["Noun + とあって","Verb / i-adjective plain form + とあって","Na-adjective stem + とあって"]},"ex":{"ja":"連休の初日とあって、高速道路は朝から大渋滞となった。","zh":"因为是连休的第一天，高速公路从早上就严重堵车。","en":"It being the first day of a long weekend, the expressways were jammed from the morning."}},"lesson81#5":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜ようでは（要是……这样的话，就（不行）……）","en":"〜ようでは (If… [like this], then… no good)","slug":"5._〜ようでは（要是……这样的话，就（不行）……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞普通形（辞書形・ない形・ている形）+ ようでは","名詞の／な形容詞な + ようでは（こんな成績のようでは）","口语中常说「〜ようじゃ」"],"en":["Verb plain form (dictionary, nai- or te-iru form) + ようでは","Noun + の / na-adjective + な + ようでは (こんな成績のようでは)","In speech, often 「〜ようじゃ」"]},"ex":{"ja":"こんな簡単な問題も解けないようでは、合格は難しいだろう。","zh":"要是连这么简单的题都解不出来，恐怕很难考上。","en":"If you can't even solve a problem this easy, passing will be hard."}},"lesson81#6":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"〜ないまでも（即使不……，至少也……）","en":"〜ないまでも (Even if not… at least…)","slug":"6._〜ないまでも（即使不……，至少也……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + までも（言わないまでも・できないまでも）","名詞 + とは言わないまでも／とはいかないまでも（固定说法）"],"en":["Verb nai-form + までも (言わないまでも, できないまでも)","Noun + とは言わないまでも／とはいかないまでも (set phrases)"]},"ex":{"ja":"毎日とは言わないまでも、週に一度くらいは実家に電話しなさい。","zh":"不说每天，至少一周也要给家里打一次电话。","en":"I won't say every day, but at least call home once a week."}},"lesson85#1":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜までもない（用不着……；不必……）","en":"〜までもない (There's no need to… / Needless to…)","slug":"1._〜までもない（用不着……；不必……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + までもない","動詞辞書形 + までもなく、〜（副词性用法）","動詞辞書形 + までもないことだ"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + までもない","Verb dictionary form + までもなく、〜 (used adverbially)","Verb dictionary form + までもないことだ"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼の実力は誰もが認めるところで、今さら説明するまでもない。","zh":"他的实力是大家公认的，现在用不着再解释。","en":"Everyone recognises his ability; there's no need to explain it now."}},"lesson82#1":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜べく（为了……）","en":"〜べく (In order to…)","slug":"1._〜べく（为了……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + べく","する → すべく／するべく（「すべく」更常见）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + べく","する → すべく／するべく (「すべく」 is more common)"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は夢を実現すべく、単身アメリカへ渡った。","zh":"为了实现梦想，他独自一人去了美国。","en":"To make his dream come true, he went to America on his own."}},"lesson82#2":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜んがため（に）/〜んがための（为了（无论如何也要）……）","en":"〜んがため（に）/〜んがための (For the sake of… / Determined to…)","slug":"2._〜んがため（に）/〜んがための（为了（无论如何也要）……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + んがため（に）／んがための＋名詞","する → せんがため，来る → こんがため"],"en":["Verb nai-stem + んがため（に）／んがための + noun","する → せんがため, 来る → こんがため"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼が昼も夜も必死に働いたのは、家族を守らんがためだった。","zh":"他之所以没日没夜地拼命工作，就是为了守护家人。","en":"The reason he worked desperately day and night was to protect his family."}},"lesson82#3":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜ゆえ（に）/〜ゆえの（因为……；由于……）","en":"〜ゆえ（に）/〜ゆえの (Because of… / Owing to…)","slug":"3._〜ゆえ（に）/〜ゆえの（因为……；由于……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞（の）+ ゆえ（に）／ゆえの＋名詞","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + （が）ゆえ（に）","な形容詞語幹 + な／である + （が）ゆえ（に）","名詞 + である + がゆえ（に）"],"en":["Noun (の) + ゆえ（に）／ゆえの + noun","Verb / i-adjective plain form + （が）ゆえ（に）","Na-adjective stem + な／である + （が）ゆえ（に）","Noun + である + がゆえ（に）"]},"ex":{"ja":"若さゆえの過ちとはいえ、彼のしたことは簡単に許されるものではない。","zh":"虽说是年轻犯下的错，他做的事也不是轻易能被原谅的。","en":"Even if it was a mistake of youth, what he did can't be easily forgiven."}},"lesson82#5":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜こととて（因为……（所以请原谅））","en":"〜こととて (Since… / As it was… [apologetic])","slug":"5._〜こととて（因为……（所以请原谅））","conj":{"zh":["名詞の + こととて","動詞・い形容詞普通形 + こととて","な形容詞語幹な + こととて","動詞ない形 + ぬこととて（文言否定，如「慣れぬこととて」「知らぬこととて」）"],"en":["Noun + の + こととて","Verb / i-adjective plain form + こととて","Na-adjective stem + な + こととて","Verb nai-stem + ぬこととて (classical negative, as in 「慣れぬこととて」, 「知らぬこととて」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"慣れぬこととて、何かとご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ございません。","zh":"因为不熟悉，给您添了各种麻烦，实在抱歉。","en":"As I am new to this, I apologise for the trouble I have caused you in various ways."}},"lesson82#6":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"〜にかこつけて（以……为借口）","en":"〜にかこつけて (Using… as an excuse / On the pretext of…)","slug":"6._〜にかこつけて（以……为借口）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にかこつけて"],"en":["Noun + にかこつけて"]},"ex":{"ja":"部長は出張にかこつけて、地方の温泉巡りを楽しんでいる。","zh":"部长借出差之名，到处泡温泉。","en":"The department head uses business trips as an excuse to tour hot springs around the country."}},"lesson83#1":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜いかんで/いかんによっては（取决于……／根据……的情况，有时……）","en":"〜いかんで/いかんによっては (Depending on…)","slug":"1._〜いかんで/いかんによっては（取决于……／根据……的情况，有时……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞（の）+ いかんで／いかんによって","名詞（の）+ いかんによっては","名詞（の）+ いかんだ／いかんにかかっている"],"en":["Noun (の) + いかんで / いかんによって","Noun (の) + いかんによっては","Noun (の) + いかんだ / いかんにかかっている"]},"ex":{"ja":"今回の交渉の結果いかんで、工場の存続が決まる。","zh":"这次谈判的结果将决定工厂的存亡。","en":"The outcome of these talks will decide whether the factory survives."}},"lesson83#3":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜をよそに（不顾……／与……毫不相干）","en":"〜をよそに (Paying no heed to… / Untouched by…)","slug":"3._〜をよそに（不顾……／与……毫不相干）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + をよそに"],"en":["Noun + をよそに"]},"ex":{"ja":"親の心配をよそに、息子は毎晩遅くまで遊び歩いている。","zh":"儿子不顾父母的担心，每天晚上都在外面玩到很晚。","en":"Paying no heed to his parents' worries, their son is out every night until late."}},"lesson83#4":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜によらず（不论……／不靠……）","en":"〜によらず (Regardless of… / Without relying on…)","slug":"4._〜によらず（不论……／不靠……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + によらず","固定说法：何事によらず（无论什么事）、見かけによらず（人不可貌相）"],"en":["Noun + によらず","Set phrases: 何事によらず (whatever it may be), 見かけによらず (contrary to appearances)"]},"ex":{"ja":"当社では、年齢や性別によらず、能力のある人材を積極的に登用している。","zh":"本公司不论年龄、性别，积极提拔有能力的人才。","en":"At our company we actively promote capable people regardless of age or gender."}},"lesson83#5":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜に即して/に即した（按照……；结合……）","en":"〜に即して/に即した (In line with… / Grounded in…)","slug":"5._〜に即して/に即した（按照……；结合……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + に即して","名詞 + に即した + 名詞","名詞 + に即しては（较少见）"],"en":["Noun + に即して","Noun + に即した + noun","Noun + に即しては (less common)"]},"ex":{"ja":"報告書は、推測を交えず、事実に即して書くこと。","zh":"报告要按照事实写，不要掺杂推测。","en":"Reports are to be written strictly according to the facts, with no speculation."}},"lesson83#6":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"〜にかかわる（关系到……；事关……）","en":"〜にかかわる (Affecting… / A matter of…)","slug":"6._〜にかかわる（关系到……；事关……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にかかわる + 名詞","名詞 + にかかわる（作谓语）"],"en":["Noun + にかかわる + noun","Noun + にかかわる (as the predicate)"]},"ex":{"ja":"軽いけがに見えても、頭を強く打った場合は命にかかわることもある。","zh":"即使看起来是轻伤，头部受到重击时也可能危及生命。","en":"Even if an injury looks minor, a hard blow to the head can be life-threatening."}},"lesson84#1":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜なしに/なしには（没有……就……／没有……就不能……）","en":"〜なしに/なしには (Without… / Without…, (one) can't…)","slug":"1._〜なしに/なしには（没有……就……／没有……就不能……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + なしに","名詞 + もなしに（强调\"连……都没有\"，常用「何の〜もなしに」）","名詞 + なしには + 否定（〜できない／〜あり得ない／〜られない）"],"en":["Noun + なしに","Noun + もなしに (stresses \"without even…\", often 「何の〜もなしに」)","Noun + なしには + negative (〜できない / 〜あり得ない / 〜られない)"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は上司に断りなしに、会社の機密資料を持ち出した。","zh":"他没跟上司打招呼，就把公司的机密资料带了出去。","en":"He took confidential company documents out without asking his boss."}},"lesson84#3":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜ずにはおかない（必然会……／非……不可）","en":"〜ずにはおかない (Is bound to… / Will not rest until…)","slug":"3._〜ずにはおかない（必然会……／非……不可）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + ずにはおかない（する → せずにはおかない）","動詞ない形 + ないではおかない（同义，稍口语）"],"en":["Verb nai-form + ずにはおかない (する → せずにはおかない)","Verb nai-form + ないではおかない (same meaning, slightly less formal)"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼の熱のこもった演説は、聴衆の心を揺さぶらずにはおかなかった。","zh":"他充满热情的演讲震撼了每一位听众的心。","en":"His impassioned speech could not fail to stir the audience."}},"lesson84#4":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"〜ずにはすまない（不……就过不去；必须……）","en":"〜ずにはすまない (Will have to… / Can't get away without…)","slug":"4._〜ずにはすまない（不……就过不去；必须……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + ずにはすまない（する → せずにはすまない）"],"en":["Verb nai-form + ずにはすまない (する → せずにはすまない)"]},"ex":{"ja":"相手にけがをさせてしまった以上、直接謝罪に行かずにはすまない。","zh":"既然让对方受了伤，就必须亲自去道歉。","en":"Now that I've injured him, I'll have to go and apologise in person."}},"lesson85#2":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜までだ/〜までのことだ（大不了……就是了；只是……而已）","en":"〜までだ/〜までのことだ (I'll just… / I only…)","slug":"2._〜までだ/〜までのことだ（大不了……就是了；只是……而已）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + までだ／までのことだ（决心：大不了……就是了）","動詞た形 + までだ／までのことだ（辩解：只是……而已）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + までだ／までのことだ (resolve: \"then I'll just…\")","Verb ta-form + までだ／までのことだ (excuse: \"I only…\")"]},"ex":{"ja":"電車が止まっているなら、歩いて帰るまでだ。","zh":"电车停了的话，大不了走回去。","en":"If the trains have stopped, I'll just walk home."}},"lesson87#5":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜とは（竟然……；没想到……）","en":"〜とは (To think that… / I never imagined…)","slug":"5._〜とは（竟然……；没想到……）","conj":{"zh":["普通形 + とは（名詞・な形容詞的「だ」常省略）","常见搭配：まさか〜とは／〜とは思わなかった／〜とは驚いた／〜とは信じられない"],"en":["Plain form + とは (the 「だ」 after nouns and na-adjectives is often dropped)","Common combinations: まさか〜とは / 〜とは思わなかった / 〜とは驚いた / 〜とは信じられない"]},"ex":{"ja":"まさかあの真面目な彼が、会社の金を横領していたとは。","zh":"真没想到那个老实的他，竟然挪用了公司的钱。","en":"To think that someone as upright as him had been embezzling company money."}},"lesson85#3":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜には及ばない（不必……；比不上）","en":"〜には及ばない (There's no need to… / Is no match for…)","slug":"3._〜には及ばない（不必……；比不上）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + には及ばない","名詞 + には及ばない（多为动作名词：心配・お礼・説明 等）","礼貌形：〜には及びません","名詞 + に（は）及ばない（比不上）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + には及ばない","Noun + には及ばない (mostly action nouns: 心配・お礼・説明 …)","Polite form: 〜には及びません","Noun + に（は）及ばない (\"is no match for\")"]},"ex":{"ja":"軽い捻挫ですから、ご心配には及びません。","zh":"只是轻微扭伤，您不必担心。","en":"It's only a slight sprain, so there's no need to worry."}},"lesson85#4":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜に足る/〜に足りない（值得……；不值得……）","en":"〜に足る/〜に足りない (Worthy of… / Not worth…)","slug":"4._〜に足る/〜に足りない（值得……；不值得……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + に足る／に足りない（に足らない）","名詞（する動詞の語幹）+ に足る：信頼に足る・尊敬に足る・満足に足る","固定说法：取るに足りない／取るに足らない（微不足道）"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + に足る／に足りない (に足らない)","Noun (stem of a する-verb) + に足る: 信頼に足る・尊敬に足る・満足に足る","Set phrase: 取るに足りない／取るに足らない (trivial)"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼こそ、チームを任せるに足る人物だ。","zh":"他才是值得把团队托付给他的人。","en":"He, of all people, is someone you can entrust the team to."}},"lesson85#6":{"lesson":"lesson85","zh":"〜にかたくない（不难……）","en":"〜にかたくない (It is not hard to… / One can easily…)","slug":"6._〜にかたくない（不难……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にかたくない：想像にかたくない・理解にかたくない","動詞辞書形 + にかたくない：察するにかたくない"],"en":["Noun + にかたくない: 想像にかたくない・理解にかたくない","Verb dictionary form + にかたくない: 察するにかたくない"]},"ex":{"ja":"突然家族を失った遺族の悲しみは、想像にかたくない。","zh":"突然失去亲人的遗属有多悲痛，不难想象。","en":"It is not hard to imagine the grief of families who suddenly lost their loved ones."}},"lesson86#2":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜てしかるべきだ（理应……；……才对）","en":"〜てしかるべきだ (Ought to… / By rights should…)","slug":"2._〜てしかるべきだ（理应……；……才对）","conj":{"zh":["動詞て形 + しかるべきだ（多为被动「〜されてしかるべきだ」）","な形容詞／名詞 + であってしかるべきだ","しかるべき + 名詞（相应的、适当的）"],"en":["Verb te-form + しかるべきだ (often passive: 「〜されてしかるべきだ」)","Na-adjective / noun + であってしかるべきだ","しかるべき + noun (appropriate, proper)"]},"ex":{"ja":"これだけの被害が出たのだから、会社側から正式な謝罪があってしかるべきだ。","zh":"造成了这么大的损失，公司方面理应正式道歉。","en":"After damage on this scale, the company ought to make a formal apology."}},"lesson86#3":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜でなくてなんだろう（这不是……又是什么呢）","en":"〜でなくてなんだろう (If this isn't…, what is?)","slug":"3._〜でなくてなんだろう（这不是……又是什么呢）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + でなくてなんだろう（か）","名詞 + でなくてなんであろう（か）（更书面）"],"en":["Noun + でなくてなんだろう（か）","Noun + でなくてなんであろう（か） (more formal)"]},"ex":{"ja":"見ず知らずの子どもを救うために、彼は迷わず川に飛び込んだ。これが勇気でなくてなんだろう。","zh":"为了救一个素不相识的孩子，他毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。这不是勇气又是什么呢？","en":"He leapt into the river without a moment's hesitation to save a child he'd never met. If that isn't courage, what is?"}},"lesson86#4":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜ないではすまない（不……就过不去；必须……）","en":"〜ないではすまない (Can't get away without… / Will have to…)","slug":"4._〜ないではすまない（不……就过不去；必须……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + ないではすまない","動詞ない形 + ないではすまされない（更强调\"不会被允许\"）","する → しないではすまない"],"en":["Verb nai-form + ないではすまない","Verb nai-form + ないではすまされない (stresses \"it won't be allowed\")","する → しないではすまない"]},"ex":{"ja":"取引先に多大な迷惑をかけたのだから、部長自ら謝罪に行かないではすまないだろう。","zh":"给客户添了这么大的麻烦，部长不亲自去道歉恐怕说不过去吧。","en":"After causing our client so much trouble, the department head will surely have to go and apologise in person."}},"lesson86#5":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜ないものでもない/〜ないでもない（也并非不……；也不是不……）","en":"〜ないものでもない/〜ないでもない (It's not that I won't… / Not entirely un-…)","slug":"5._〜ないものでもない/〜ないでもない（也并非不……；也不是不……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + ないものでもない","動詞ない形 + ないでもない","する → しないものでもない／しないでもない"],"en":["Verb nai-form + ないものでもない","Verb nai-form + ないでもない","する → しないものでもない／しないでもない"]},"ex":{"ja":"条件次第では、その仕事を引き受けないものでもない。","zh":"看条件，那份工作也不是不能接。","en":"Depending on the terms, it's not that I wouldn't take the job."}},"lesson86#6":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"〜ばそれまでだ（如果……就一切都完了）","en":"〜ばそれまでだ (If…, that's the end of it)","slug":"6._〜ばそれまでだ（如果……就一切都完了）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ば形 + それまでだ","動詞た形 + らそれまでだ","〜ばそれまでのことだ（更正式）"],"en":["Verb ba-form + それまでだ","Verb ta-form + らそれまでだ","〜ばそれまでのことだ (more formal)"]},"ex":{"ja":"どんなに高価な機械でも、壊れてしまえばそれまでだ。","zh":"再昂贵的机器，坏了也就完了。","en":"However expensive a machine is, once it breaks, that's the end of it."}},"lesson87#1":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜てやまない（衷心……；……不已）","en":"〜てやまない (Never cease to… / Sincerely…)","slug":"1._〜てやまない（衷心……；……不已）","conj":{"zh":["動詞て形 + やまない","動詞て形 + やみません（致辞、书信的礼貌形）"],"en":["Verb te-form + やまない","Verb te-form + やみません (polite form, in speeches and letters)"]},"ex":{"ja":"皆様のますますのご健勝とご多幸を、心よりお祈りしてやみません。","zh":"衷心祝愿各位身体日益安康、幸福美满。","en":"I sincerely wish you all continued good health and every happiness."}},"lesson87#2":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜極まりない/〜極まる（……至极；极其……）","en":"〜極まりない/〜極まる (Utterly… / Extremely…)","slug":"2._〜極まりない/〜極まる（……至极；极其……）","conj":{"zh":["な形容詞語幹 + 極まりない","な形容詞語幹 + 極まる","な形容詞 + な + こと極まりない（较少见）","い形容詞 + こと極まりない（危ないこと極まりない；い形容词只能用这个形式）"],"en":["Na-adjective stem + 極まりない","Na-adjective stem + 極まる","Na-adjective + な + こと極まりない (less common)","I-adjective + こと極まりない (危ないこと極まりない; the only way to use an i-adjective)"]},"ex":{"ja":"運転中にスマートフォンを操作するのは、危険極まりない行為だ。","zh":"开车时操作智能手机是极其危险的行为。","en":"Using a smartphone while driving is extremely dangerous."}},"lesson87#3":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜といったらない（……得无法形容）","en":"〜といったらない (Indescribably… / Beyond words)","slug":"3._〜といったらない（……得无法形容）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + といったらない（最常见的是形容词名词化「〜さ」：美しさ、悔しさ、寒さ）","い形容詞辞書形 + といったらない","口语：〜ったらない（「うるさいったらない」）","只用于负面：〜といったらありはしない／〜といったらありゃしない"],"en":["Noun + といったらない (most often an adjective turned noun with 「〜さ」: 美しさ, 悔しさ, 寒さ)","I-adjective dictionary form + といったらない","Casual: 〜ったらない (「うるさいったらない」)","Negative only: 〜といったらありはしない / 〜といったらありゃしない"]},"ex":{"ja":"初めてオーロラを目にしたときの感動といったらなかった。","zh":"第一次亲眼看到极光时的感动，简直无法形容。","en":"I can't describe how moved I was the first time I saw the aurora."}},"lesson87#4":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜限りだ（……之至；真是太……了）","en":"〜限りだ (I couldn't be more… / Extremely…)","slug":"4._〜限りだ（……之至；真是太……了）","conj":{"zh":["い形容詞辞書形 + 限りだ","な形容詞 + な + 限りだ"],"en":["I-adjective dictionary form + 限りだ","Na-adjective + な + 限りだ"]},"ex":{"ja":"長年の研究がようやく認められ、うれしい限りです。","zh":"多年的研究终于得到认可，我真是高兴之至。","en":"My years of research have finally been recognised, and I couldn't be happier."}},"lesson87#6":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"〜てはばからない（毫无顾忌地……；公然……）","en":"〜てはばからない (Not hesitate to… / Openly…)","slug":"6._〜てはばからない（毫无顾忌地……；公然……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞て形 + はばからない"],"en":["Verb te-form + はばからない"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は「この業界で自分の右に出る者はいない」と公言してはばからない。","zh":"他公然宣称\"这个行业里没人比得过我\"。","en":"He openly declares that \"nobody in this industry can match me\"."}},"lesson88#1":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜ずくめ（清一色……；全是……）","en":"〜ずくめ (Nothing but… / All…)","slug":"1._〜ずくめ（清一色……；全是……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ずくめ","〜ずくめの + 名詞／〜ずくめだ"],"en":["Noun + ずくめ","〜ずくめの + noun / 〜ずくめだ"]},"ex":{"ja":"事件の直後、黒ずくめの服を着た男が現場から走り去るのが目撃されている。","zh":"案发后不久，有人目击到一个一身黑衣的男子从现场跑走。","en":"Shortly after the incident, a man dressed all in black was seen running from the scene."}},"lesson88#2":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜まみれ（沾满……；满身……）","en":"〜まみれ (Covered in… / Smeared with…)","slug":"2._〜まみれ（沾满……；满身……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + まみれ","〜まみれの + 名詞／〜まみれになる／〜まみれだ"],"en":["Noun + まみれ","〜まみれの + noun / 〜まみれになる / 〜まみれだ"]},"ex":{"ja":"子どもたちは泥まみれになって、日が暮れるまで遊んでいた。","zh":"孩子们满身是泥，一直玩到天黑。","en":"The children played until dark, covered in mud."}},"lesson88#3":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜ぐるみ（连同……整个；全……一起）","en":"〜ぐるみ (The whole… / … as a whole)","slug":"3._〜ぐるみ（连同……整个；全……一起）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ぐるみ","〜ぐるみの + 名詞／〜ぐるみで + 動詞"],"en":["Noun + ぐるみ","〜ぐるみの + noun / 〜ぐるみで + verb"]},"ex":{"ja":"隣の田中さんとは、もう二十年来の家族ぐるみの付き合いだ。","zh":"我们和邻居田中家已经是二十年的全家交情了。","en":"Our family and the Tanakas next door have been close for twenty years now."}},"lesson88#4":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜めく（有……的气息；像……似的）","en":"〜めく (Show signs of… / Have a touch of…)","slug":"4._〜めく（有……的气息；像……似的）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + めく（五段动词：めいて、めいた、めいている）","〜めいた + 名詞（最常见）"],"en":["Noun + めく (a godan verb: めいて, めいた, めいている)","〜めいた + noun (the most common form)"]},"ex":{"ja":"三月に入り、日差しもだいぶ春めいてきた。","zh":"进入三月，阳光也颇有些春意了。","en":"Now that it's March, the sunshine is starting to feel quite spring-like."}},"lesson88#5":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜ともなく/〜ともなしに（无意中……；不知……）","en":"〜ともなく/〜ともなしに (Without meaning to… / From somewhere or other)","slug":"5._〜ともなく/〜ともなしに（无意中……；不知……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + ともなく／ともなしに（見る、聞く、考える、言う等）","疑問詞（＋助詞）+ ともなく：どこからともなく、誰からともなく、いつからともなく、どちらからともなく"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + ともなく / ともなしに (見る, 聞く, 考える, 言う…)","Question word (+ particle) + ともなく: どこからともなく, 誰からともなく, いつからともなく, どちらからともなく"]},"ex":{"ja":"休日の午後、見るともなくテレビを見ていたら、学生時代の友人が画面に映った。","zh":"休息日的下午，我心不在焉地看着电视，学生时代的朋友出现在了画面上。","en":"One afternoon on my day off, I was half-watching TV when a friend from my school days appeared on the screen."}},"lesson88#6":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"〜ながらに（して）/〜ながらの（保持……的状态）","en":"〜ながらに（して）/〜ながらの (While still… / As it has always been)","slug":"6._〜ながらに（して）/〜ながらの（保持……的状态）","conj":{"zh":["名詞／動詞ます形 + ながらに（して）","名詞／動詞ます形 + ながらの + 名詞"],"en":["Noun / verb masu-stem + ながらに（して）","Noun / verb masu-stem + ながらの + noun"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼女は生まれながらにして、優れた音感を持っていた。","zh":"她天生就有出色的乐感。","en":"She was born with an excellent ear for music."}},"lesson89#1":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜かたがた（顺便……；兼……）","en":"〜かたがた (While also… / Combining… with…)","slug":"1._〜かたがた（顺便……；兼……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + かたがた"],"en":["Noun + かたがた"]},"ex":{"ja":"先日のお礼かたがた、近いうちにご挨拶に伺いたいと存じます。","zh":"我想近日登门拜访，也顺便答谢您前几天的关照。","en":"I would like to call on you soon, partly to thank you for the other day."}},"lesson89#2":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜がてら（顺便……；……的同时也……）","en":"〜がてら (While… / On the way… / As a chance to…)","slug":"2._〜がてら（顺便……；……的同时也……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + がてら","動詞ます形 + がてら"],"en":["Noun + がてら","Verb masu-stem + がてら"]},"ex":{"ja":"散歩がてら、駅前のパン屋まで朝食を買いに行った。","zh":"我散着步去了车站前的面包店买早餐。","en":"I took a walk to the bakery by the station to buy breakfast."}},"lesson89#3":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜かたわら（在……之余；一边……一边……）","en":"〜かたわら (Alongside… / While also working as…)","slug":"3._〜かたわら（在……之余；一边……一边……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞の + かたわら","動詞辞書形 + かたわら"],"en":["Noun + の + かたわら","Verb dictionary form + かたわら"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は会社に勤めるかたわら、週末は小説を書き続けている。","zh":"他在公司上班之余，周末一直坚持写小说。","en":"Alongside his office job, he keeps writing novels at weekends."}},"lesson89#4":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜つ〜つ（时而……时而……；互相……）","en":"〜つ〜つ (Back and forth / Each other…)","slug":"4._〜つ〜つ（时而……时而……；互相……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ます形 + つ + 動詞ます形 + つ"],"en":["Verb masu-stem + つ + verb masu-stem + つ"]},"ex":{"ja":"彼は面接の順番が来るまで、廊下を行きつ戻りつしていた。","zh":"轮到他面试之前，他一直在走廊里来回踱步。","en":"Until it was his turn to be interviewed, he paced up and down the corridor."}},"lesson89#5":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜なりに／〜なりの（以……相应的方式；……自有的）","en":"〜なりに／〜なりの (In one's own way / Within its limits)","slug":"5._〜なりに／〜なりの（以……相应的方式；……自有的）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + なりに／なりの + 名詞","イ形容詞普通形 + なりに／なりの","ナ形容詞語幹 + なりに／なりの（「下手なりに」）"],"en":["Noun + なりに / なりの + noun","i-adjective plain form + なりに / なりの","na-adjective stem + なりに / なりの (「下手なりに」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"経験は浅いが、私なりに精一杯努力したつもりだ。","zh":"我虽然经验不足，但自认为已经按自己的方式尽了全力。","en":"I don't have much experience, but I believe I did my best in my own way."}},"lesson89#6":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"〜とばかりに（几乎就要说……似的）","en":"〜とばかりに (As if to say…)","slug":"6._〜とばかりに（几乎就要说……似的）","conj":{"zh":["文（普通形・命令形・意向形）+ とばかりに","固定说法：「ここぞとばかりに」（趁机，就是现在）、「待ってましたとばかりに」（正等着呢）"],"en":["Sentence (plain / imperative / volitional form) + とばかりに","Set phrases: 「ここぞとばかりに」 (seizing the moment), 「待ってましたとばかりに」 (as if they'd been waiting for it)"]},"ex":{"ja":"店員は早く帰れとばかりに、私たちのテーブルの周りで片付けを始めた。","zh":"店员仿佛在说\"快走吧\"，在我们桌子周围收拾起来。","en":"As if to tell us to hurry up and leave, the staff began clearing up around our table."}},"lesson90#1":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜（よ）うにも〜ない（想……也不能……）","en":"〜（よ）うにも〜ない (Can't… even if one wants to)","slug":"1._〜（よ）うにも〜ない（想……也不能……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞意向形 + にも + 同一動詞の可能形否定（行こうにも行けない）","動詞意向形 + にも + できない理由（連絡しようにも、電話番号がわからない）"],"en":["Verb volitional form + にも + the same verb, potential negative (行こうにも行けない)","Verb volitional form + にも + the reason it can't be done (連絡しようにも、電話番号がわからない)"]},"ex":{"ja":"財布を家に忘れてきたので、昼ご飯を買おうにも買えない。","zh":"钱包忘在家里了，想买午饭也买不了。","en":"I left my wallet at home, so I couldn't buy lunch even if I wanted to."}},"lesson90#2":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜べからず／〜べからざる（不得……；不可……的）","en":"〜べからず／〜べからざる (Must not… / Not to be…)","slug":"2._〜べからず／〜べからざる（不得……；不可……的）","conj":{"zh":["動詞辞書形 + べからず（句末）","動詞辞書形 + べからざる + 名詞","する → すべからず／するべからず、すべからざる／するべからざる"],"en":["Verb dictionary form + べからず (ends the sentence)","Verb dictionary form + べからざる + noun","する → すべからず / するべからず, すべからざる / するべからざる"]},"ex":{"ja":"公園の入り口に「芝生に入るべからず」という立て札が立っている。","zh":"公园入口立着一块\"不得进入草坪\"的告示牌。","en":"At the park entrance there is a sign saying \"Keep off the grass.\""}},"lesson90#3":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜ごとき／〜ごとく（如……一般；像……这样的）","en":"〜ごとき／〜ごとく (Like… / As…)","slug":"3._〜ごとき／〜ごとく（如……一般；像……这样的）","conj":{"zh":["名詞の + ごとき + 名詞／ごとく + 動詞","動詞辞書形・た形 +（が）ごとき／（が）ごとく（「眠るがごとく」「前に述べたごとく」）","〜かのごとく（=かのように）","名詞 + ごとき（不加「の」，带轻视或谦逊）"],"en":["Noun + の + ごとき + noun / ごとく + verb","Verb dictionary or ta-form + (が) ごとき / (が) ごとく (「眠るがごとく」, 「前に述べたごとく」)","〜かのごとく (= かのように)","Noun + ごとき (no 「の」, with a dismissive or humble tone)"]},"ex":{"ja":"祖母は眠るがごとく、静かに息を引き取った。","zh":"奶奶像睡着了一样，安详地离开了人世。","en":"My grandmother passed away peacefully, as if falling asleep."}},"lesson90#4":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜ずとも（即使不……也……）","en":"〜ずとも (Even without… / Need not…)","slug":"4._〜ずとも（即使不……也……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + ずとも（行かない→行かずとも）","する → せずとも","〜ずともよい（=なくてもいい）"],"en":["Verb nai-stem + ずとも (行かない→行かずとも)","する → せずとも","〜ずともよい (= なくてもいい)"]},"ex":{"ja":"言わずとも、彼の気持ちは顔を見ればわかる。","zh":"即使不说，看他的脸也知道他的心情。","en":"He doesn't need to say it — you can tell how he feels from his face."}},"lesson90#5":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜んばかり（だ／に／の）（几乎要……；简直要……）","en":"〜んばかり（だ／に／の） (Almost… / As if about to…)","slug":"5._〜んばかり（だ／に／の）（几乎要……；简直要……）","conj":{"zh":["動詞ない形 + んばかりだ／んばかりに／んばかりの + 名詞（泣かない→泣かんばかり）","する → せんばかり（「土下座せんばかりに謝る」）","〜と言わんばかりに（简直就像在说……）"],"en":["Verb nai-stem + んばかりだ / んばかりに / んばかりの + noun (泣かない→泣かんばかり)","する → せんばかり (「土下座せんばかりに謝る」)","〜と言わんばかりに (as if to say…)"]},"ex":{"ja":"合格の知らせを聞いた弟は、飛び上がらんばかりに喜んだ。","zh":"听到考上的消息，弟弟高兴得几乎要跳起来。","en":"When my brother heard he had passed, he nearly jumped for joy."}},"lesson90#6":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"〜をもって（以……；于……；凭借……）","en":"〜をもって (By means of… / As of… / With…)","slug":"6._〜をもって（以……；于……；凭借……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + をもって","名詞 + をもちまして（更郑重，致辞、广播）","名詞 + をもってすれば／をもってしても"],"en":["Noun + をもって","Noun + をもちまして (more formal; speeches and announcements)","Noun + をもってすれば / をもってしても"]},"ex":{"ja":"当店は、本年三月末日をもって閉店いたします。","zh":"本店将于今年三月底停止营业。","en":"This shop will close at the end of March this year."}},"lesson91#1":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜にひきかえ（与……相反；和……比起来）","en":"〜にひきかえ (In contrast to… / Unlike…)","slug":"1._〜にひきかえ（与……相反；和……比起来）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + にひきかえ","普通形 + の + にひきかえ（な形容詞・名詞：〜な／〜である + のにひきかえ）","句首单用：「それにひきかえ、〜」（与此相反，……）"],"en":["Noun + にひきかえ","Plain form + の + にひきかえ (na-adjectives and nouns: 〜な／〜である + のにひきかえ)","At the start of a sentence: 「それにひきかえ、〜」 (\"by contrast, …\")"]},"ex":{"ja":"真面目な兄にひきかえ、弟は遊んでばかりいる。","zh":"和认真的哥哥相反，弟弟成天只知道玩。","en":"Unlike his conscientious older brother, the younger one does nothing but play."}},"lesson91#2":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜ともあろう者が（堂堂……竟然……）","en":"〜ともあろう者が (For someone who is a… to… / Of all people…)","slug":"2._〜ともあろう者が（堂堂……竟然……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ともあろう + 者／人／方 + が","名詞 + ともあろう + もの + が（主语是机构、组织时）","名詞 + ともあろう + 名詞（作定语：「大臣ともあろう人物の発言」）"],"en":["Noun + ともあろう + 者／人／方 + が","Noun + ともあろう + もの + が (when the subject is an institution or organisation)","Noun + ともあろう + noun (as a modifier: 「大臣ともあろう人物の発言」)"]},"ex":{"ja":"警察官ともあろう者が、飲酒運転で事故を起こすとは信じがたい。","zh":"堂堂警察竟然酒驾出事，真叫人难以置信。","en":"It's hard to believe that a police officer, of all people, caused an accident while drink-driving."}},"lesson91#4":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜ではあるまいし/〜じゃあるまいし（又不是……）","en":"〜ではあるまいし/〜じゃあるまいし (It's not as if… / You're not a…)","slug":"4._〜ではあるまいし/〜じゃあるまいし（又不是……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + ではあるまいし／じゃあるまいし","動詞普通形 + わけではあるまいし／わけじゃあるまいし","動詞普通形 + のではあるまいし／んじゃあるまいし"],"en":["Noun + ではあるまいし／じゃあるまいし","Verb plain form + わけではあるまいし／わけじゃあるまいし","Verb plain form + のではあるまいし／んじゃあるまいし"]},"ex":{"ja":"子どもじゃあるまいし、一人で病院くらい行けるでしょう。","zh":"又不是小孩子，一个人去医院总可以吧。","en":"You're not a child — surely you can go to the hospital on your own."}},"lesson91#5":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜と相まって（与……相结合；加上……）","en":"〜と相まって (Combined with… / Coupled with…)","slug":"5._〜と相まって（与……相结合；加上……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞B + と相まって（AはBと相まって、〜）","名詞A + と + 名詞B + が相まって","名詞A + に + 名詞B + も相まって"],"en":["Noun B + と相まって (AはBと相まって、〜)","Noun A + と + noun B + が相まって","Noun A + に + noun B + も相まって"]},"ex":{"ja":"三連休と好天が相まって、各地の行楽地は多くの人出でにぎわった。","zh":"三连休加上好天气，各地的游览胜地都游人如织。","en":"With a three-day weekend and fine weather combined, holiday spots everywhere were packed with people."}},"lesson91#6":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"〜に則って/〜に則り（遵照……；按照……）","en":"〜に則って/〜に則り (In accordance with… / Following…)","slug":"6._〜に則って/〜に則り（遵照……；按照……）","conj":{"zh":["名詞 + に則って／に則り","名詞 + に則った + 名詞"],"en":["Noun + に則って／に則り","Noun + に則った + noun"]},"ex":{"ja":"本件については、社内規定に則って厳正に対処いたします。","zh":"关于此事，我们将依照公司内部规定严正处理。","en":"We will deal with this matter strictly, in accordance with company regulations."}},"lesson91#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson91","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson82#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson82","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson89#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson89","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson92#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson92","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson81#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson81","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson79#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson79","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson86#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson86","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson84#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson84","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson77#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson77","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson88#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson88","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson87#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson87","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson83#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson83","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"},"lesson90#vocab":{"lesson":"lesson90","zh":"本课单词表","en":"Vocabulary","slug":"本课单词表"}},"passages":{},"questions":[{"id":"n1-mg-301","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"出産と育児で五年間仕事を離れていたが、その（　）を感じさせない働きぶりだ。","options":["ノルマ","ブランク","ジレンマ","スランプ"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"她因生育和育儿离开工作五年，但工作起来丝毫感觉不出这段空白。","en":"She was away from work for five years having and raising children, but you'd never know it from how she works."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「五年間仕事を離れていた」，离开工作五年，中间留下的是一段空白期。\n词义：「ブランク」＝（工作、练习等的）中断期、空白期，常说「ブランクがある」「ブランクを感じさせない」。","en":"Clue: 「五年間仕事を離れていた」 — five years away from work leaves a gap.\nMeaning: 「ブランク」 is a break or gap in work, training and so on: 「ブランクがある」, 「ブランクを感じさせない」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ノルマ」是规定的工作量（指标），与离开工作无关。","en":"「ノルマ」 is a quota — nothing to do with time away."},null,{"zh":"「ジレンマ」是左右为难，与五年的空白无关。","en":"「ジレンマ」 is a dilemma, not a gap in time."},{"zh":"「スランプ」是状态低迷，她并不是状态不好，而是离开了工作。","en":"「スランプ」 is a slump; she wasn't in a slump, she was away."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-302","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"（　）発表の新製品の写真が、発売前にネットに流出した。","options":["不","非","無","未"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"尚未发布的新产品照片，在开售前就流到了网上。","en":"Photos of an as-yet-unannounced product leaked online before the launch."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「発売前」「流出した」，产品还没正式发布，所以要表示“尚未”的前缀接在「発表」前。\n词义：「未」（み）＝尚未、还没有，多接动作性名词：「未発表」「未定」「未完成」。\n辨析：「不」「非」「無」表示一般的否定或“没有”（不正確・非公開・無料），不含“还没、以后可能会”的意思。","en":"Clue: 「発売前」, 「流出した」 — the product hadn't been announced yet, so the prefix on 「発表」 has to mean \"not yet\".\nMeaning: 「未」 (み) is \"not yet\", mostly before action nouns: 「未発表」, 「未定」, 「未完成」.\nContrast: 「不」, 「非」 and 「無」 are plain negation or \"without\" (不正確・非公開・無料); none carries the \"not yet, but may later\" sense."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「不」表示“不、不好”（不正確・不公平），没有「不発表」。","en":"「不」 means \"not, un-\" (不正確・不公平); there's no 「不発表」."},{"zh":"「非」表示“不是、否定某种性质”（非公開・非常識），没有「非発表」。","en":"「非」 negates a quality (非公開・非常識); there's no 「非発表」."},{"zh":"「無」表示“没有某物”（無料・無関係），没有「無発表」。","en":"「無」 means \"without\" (無料・無関係); there's no 「無発表」."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-303","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"住民の（　）を得ないまま、市はごみ処理場の建設を決めてしまった。","options":["コンセンサス","メカニズム","ジンクス","ニュアンス"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"在没有取得居民共识的情况下，市里就决定了修建垃圾处理厂。","en":"The city decided to build the waste plant without getting the residents' agreement."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「住民の（　）を得ないまま」「決めてしまった」，修建前本该先取得居民的一致同意。\n词义：「コンセンサス」＝（相关各方的）共识、一致同意，常说「コンセンサスを得る」「コンセンサスを形成する」；意思相近的汉语词是「合意」（ごうい）。","en":"Clue: 「住民の（　）を得ないまま」, 「決めてしまった」 — what should have come first is the residents' agreement.\nMeaning: 「コンセンサス」 is consensus, the agreement of everyone concerned: 「コンセンサスを得る」, 「コンセンサスを形成する」. A close native word is 「合意」 (ごうい)."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「メカニズム」是机制、构造，不说「住民のメカニズムを得る」。","en":"「メカニズム」 is a mechanism; 「住民のメカニズムを得る」 makes no sense."},{"zh":"「ジンクス」是吉凶的说法，与取得同意无关。","en":"「ジンクス」 is a jinx or superstition, unrelated to agreement."},{"zh":"「ニュアンス」是细微差别，不能“取得”。","en":"「ニュアンス」 is a nuance; you can't obtain it from residents."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-304","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"ネットで安く買ったバッグは、よく見ると（　）ブランド品だった。","options":["誤","反","偽","虚"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"在网上便宜买的包，仔细一看原来是冒牌货。","en":"The bag I bought cheaply online turned out, on closer look, to be a fake brand item."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「安く買った」「よく見ると」，便宜买的包仔细一看，原来是假的名牌货。\n词义：「偽」（にせ）＝假的、仿冒的，接在名词前：「偽ブランド品」「偽札」（にせさつ）；单独成词是「偽物」（にせもの）。","en":"Clue: 「安く買った」, 「よく見ると」 — cheap online, and on a closer look not the real thing.\nMeaning: 「偽」 (にせ) is fake, counterfeit, placed before a noun: 「偽ブランド品」, 「偽札」 (にせさつ). As a word on its own: 「偽物」 (にせもの)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「誤」是错误（誤解・誤作動），不表示“假冒”。","en":"「誤」 is error (誤解・誤作動), not counterfeit."},{"zh":"「反」是反对、违反（反社会的），没有「反ブランド品」。","en":"「反」 is anti- (反社会的); there's no 「反ブランド品」."},null,{"zh":"「虚」是空、不实（虚偽・虚栄），不接「ブランド品」。","en":"「虚」 is empty or untrue (虚偽・虚栄) and doesn't attach to 「ブランド品」."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-305","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"古い商店街を歩くと、どこか懐かしい生活（　）が漂っている。","options":["感","観","性","味"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"走在老商店街上，处处飘着一种令人怀念的生活气息。","en":"Walking down the old shopping street, you feel a nostalgic sense of everyday life."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「懐かしい生活（　）が漂っている」，飘在空气中的是一种感觉、气息。\n词义：「〜感」（かん）＝给人的感觉、气息：「生活感」「季節感」「高級感」，常说「生活感がある」「高級感のある〜」。\n辨析：「〜観」（かん）同音，但指看法、观念（人生観・価値観），不是能“飘荡”的感觉。","en":"Clue: 「懐かしい生活（　）が漂っている」 — what hangs in the air is a feeling, an atmosphere.\nMeaning: 「〜感」 (かん) is the feel or impression something gives: 「生活感」, 「季節感」, 「高級感」; 「生活感がある」, 「高級感のある〜」.\nContrast: 「〜観」 (かん) sounds the same but is a view or outlook (人生観・価値観), not a feeling that hangs in the air."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「〜観」是看法、观念（人生観・価値観），「生活観」不能“飘荡”。","en":"「〜観」 is a view or outlook (人生観・価値観); a view of life can't \"hang in the air\"."},{"zh":"「〜性」是性质（安全性・必要性），不说「生活性が漂う」。","en":"「〜性」 is a property (安全性・必要性); 「生活性が漂う」 isn't said."},{"zh":"「〜味」是味道、韵味（人間味・面白味），没有「生活味」。","en":"「〜味」 is a flavour or quality (人間味・面白味); there's no 「生活味」."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-306","type":"bunmyaku","d":3,"stem":"両社の主張は平行線をたどり、合併交渉は（　）に乗り上げた。","options":["袋小路","暗礁","瀬戸際","土壇場"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"两家公司的主张互不相让，合并谈判触礁了。","en":"The two companies' positions never met, and the merger talks ran aground."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「平行線をたどり」「（　）に乗り上げた」，谈判卡住了，能“搁浅”上去的是暗礁。\n词义：「暗礁」（あんしょう）＝水下的礁石，比喻意想不到的障碍，常说「交渉が暗礁に乗り上げる」。\n辨析：「袋小路」（ふくろこうじ）也比喻走投无路，但常说「袋小路に陥る」，不跟「乗り上げる」搭配。","en":"Clue: 「平行線をたどり」 shows the talks stuck, and what you 「乗り上げる」 (run aground) on is a reef.\nMeaning: 「暗礁」 (あんしょう) is a hidden reef, figuratively an unexpected obstacle: 「交渉が暗礁に乗り上げる」.\nContrast: 「袋小路」 (ふくろこうじ) is also a dead end, but it goes with 「陥る」, not 「乗り上げる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「袋小路」说「袋小路に入り込む・陥る」，不说「乗り上げる」。","en":"「袋小路」 is 「袋小路に入り込む・陥る」, not 「乗り上げる」."},null,{"zh":"「瀬戸際」说「瀬戸際に立つ」（处于紧要关头），不与「乗り上げる」搭配。","en":"「瀬戸際」 is used as 「瀬戸際に立つ」 (on the brink), not with 「乗り上げる」."},{"zh":"「土壇場」是最后关头，说「土壇場で」，不说「土壇場に乗り上げる」。","en":"「土壇場」 is the last moment (「土壇場で」); it doesn't go with 「乗り上げる」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-307","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"規制を厳しくしすぎると、かえって経済活動に（　）をもたらすことになる。","options":["活気","余地","恩恵","弊害"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"规定过严的话，反而会给经济活动带来弊端。","en":"Making regulations too strict ends up harming economic activity instead."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「厳しくしすぎると」「かえって」，规定过严，反而带来坏处。\n词义：「弊害」（へいがい）＝某种做法带来的害处、弊端，常说「弊害をもたらす」「弊害が生じる」；带来好处则是「恩恵」（おんけい）。","en":"Clue: 「厳しくしすぎると」, 「かえって」 — rules that are too strict end up doing harm.\nMeaning: 「弊害」 (へいがい) is a harmful side effect of a practice: 「弊害をもたらす」, 「弊害が生じる」. The benefit side is 「恩恵」 (おんけい)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「活気をもたらす」是带来活力，是好结果，与「かえって」和“规定过严”矛盾。","en":"「活気をもたらす」 is bringing life — a good result, which clashes with 「かえって」."},{"zh":"「余地」说「〜の余地がある」，不说「余地をもたらす」。","en":"「余地」 is 「〜の余地がある」, not 「余地をもたらす」."},{"zh":"「恩恵」是好处，与「かえって」（反而）以及“规定过严”的负面语气不符。","en":"「恩恵」 is a benefit; it clashes with 「かえって」 and \"too strict\"."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-308","type":"bunmyaku","d":1,"stem":"これだけ証拠がそろっている以上、彼が犯人であることに疑いの（　）はない。","options":["余興","余地","余白","余波"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"既然证据这么齐全，他是犯人这一点毫无怀疑的余地。","en":"With this much evidence, there's no room for doubt that he did it."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「証拠がそろっている以上」「疑いの（　）はない」，证据齐全，没有可以怀疑的空间。\n词义：「余地」（よち）＝还能容纳某事的空间、可能，常说「疑いの余地はない」「選択の余地がない」「議論の余地がある」。","en":"Clue: 「証拠がそろっている以上」, 「疑いの（　）はない」 — with that much evidence there's no room left for doubt.\nMeaning: 「余地」 (よち) is room or scope for something: 「疑いの余地はない」, 「選択の余地がない」, 「議論の余地がある」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「余興」是余兴节目，与怀疑无关。","en":"「余興」 is entertainment at a party, unrelated to doubt."},null,{"zh":"「余白」是纸面的空白处，不说「疑いの余白」。","en":"「余白」 is blank space on a page; 「疑いの余白」 isn't said."},{"zh":"「余波」是余波、影响，与怀疑无关。","en":"「余波」 is aftermath, unrelated to doubt."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-309","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"長く続いた不況にも、ようやく回復の（　）が見えてきた。","options":["弾み","兆し","面影","名残"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"长期持续的萧条终于出现了复苏的迹象。","en":"After the long recession, signs of recovery are finally appearing."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「ようやく回復の（　）が見えてきた」，复苏还没真正到来，看到的是将要好转的苗头。\n词义：「兆し」（きざし）＝事情即将发生的征兆、苗头，常说「回復の兆しが見える」「春の兆し」。","en":"Clue: 「ようやく回復の（　）が見えてきた」 — the recovery hasn't arrived yet; what shows is a sign that it's coming.\nMeaning: 「兆し」 (きざし) is a sign that something is about to happen: 「回復の兆しが見える」, 「春の兆し」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「弾み」说「弾みがつく」（有势头），不说「弾みが見える」。","en":"「弾み」 is 「弾みがつく」 (gain momentum), not 「弾みが見える」."},null,{"zh":"「面影」是旧时的模样，与将来的复苏不符。","en":"「面影」 is how something used to look, not a sign of the future."},{"zh":"「名残」是过去留下的痕迹，复苏还没发生，不能有“名残”。","en":"「名残」 is a trace of the past; a recovery that hasn't happened can't leave one."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-310","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"会議で反対意見が出ないよう、事前に関係者への（　）を済ませておいた。","options":["根回し","手分け","下心","下見"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"为了不在会上出现反对意见，事先和相关人员疏通好了。","en":"So that no one would object at the meeting, I'd squared it with everyone involved beforehand."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「会議で反対意見が出ないよう」「事前に関係者への」，开会前先向相关的人打招呼、取得理解。\n词义：「根回し」（ねまわし）＝正式决定前私下疏通、事先取得同意，常说「根回しをする」「関係者に根回しする」。","en":"Clue: 「会議で反対意見が出ないよう」, 「事前に関係者への」 — talking the people involved round before the meeting.\nMeaning: 「根回し」 (ねまわし) is laying the groundwork, quietly getting people's agreement before a formal decision: 「根回しをする」, 「関係者に根回しする」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「手分け」是分工合作，不能“对相关人员”做。","en":"「手分け」 is splitting up work; it isn't done \"to\" people."},{"zh":"「下心」是不良的企图，不能“办完”。","en":"「下心」 is an ulterior motive; you can't \"get it done\"."},{"zh":"「下見」是事先察看场地，不是对“人”做的。","en":"「下見」 is checking out a place in advance, not people."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-311","type":"bunmyaku","d":3,"stem":"ずっと迷っていたが、ようやく会社を辞める（　）がついた。","options":["歯止め","決まり","踏ん切り","見切り"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"一直犹豫不决，终于下定决心辞职了。","en":"I'd been torn for ages, but I've finally made up my mind to quit."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「ずっと迷っていた」「ようやく」「（　）がついた」，犹豫很久后终于下了决心。\n词义：「踏ん切り」（ふんぎり）＝下定决心、断然决定，常说「踏ん切りがつく」「踏ん切りがつかない」。\n辨析：「見切り」（みきり）是认定没希望而放弃，多说「見切りをつける」。","en":"Clue: 「ずっと迷っていた」, 「ようやく」, 「（　）がついた」 — after long hesitation, the mind is finally made up.\nMeaning: 「踏ん切り」 (ふんぎり) is resolve, making up your mind: 「踏ん切りがつく」, 「踏ん切りがつかない」.\nContrast: 「見切り」 (みきり) is giving something up as hopeless, usually 「見切りをつける」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「歯止めがかかる」是被制止，意思相反。","en":"「歯止め」 is a brake on something — the wrong idea."},{"zh":"「決まりがつく」是事情得到解决，不用于自己下决心。","en":"「決まりがつく」 is a matter being settled, not making up your mind."},null,{"zh":"「見切り」说「見切りをつける」（放弃、看透），不说「辞める見切りがつく」。","en":"「見切り」 is 「見切りをつける」 (give up on); 「辞める見切りがつく」 isn't said."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-312","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"地域活性化の（　）として、空き家を改装したカフェが次々に開かれている。","options":["一端","一律","一環","一連"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"作为振兴地方的一环，用空房改造的咖啡馆接连开张。","en":"As part of revitalizing the area, cafés in renovated empty houses are opening one after another."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「地域活性化の（　）として」，开咖啡馆是振兴地方这项整体工作中的一部分。\n词义：「一環」（いっかん）＝一系列计划、活动中的一环，常说「〜の一環として」「対策の一環」。\n辨析：「一端」（いったん）也指一部分，常说「責任の一端」，多指整体的一小部分；作为计划、措施之一则用「一環」。","en":"Clue: 「地域活性化の（　）として」 — the cafés are one part of a wider revitalization effort.\nMeaning: 「一環」 (いっかん) is one link in a series of measures: 「〜の一環として」, 「対策の一環」.\nContrast: 「一端」 (いったん) is also a part (「責任の一端」), mostly a small portion of a whole; one of a set of measures is 「一環」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「一端」是一部分、一端，说「責任の一端」，不说「一端として」。","en":"「一端」 is a part (「責任の一端」), but not 「〜の一端として」."},{"zh":"「一律」是一律、统一，不能接「として」表示部分。","en":"「一律」 is uniform; it can't mean \"part of\"."},null,{"zh":"「一連」是一系列，说「一連の〜」，不说「一連として」。","en":"「一連」 is a series (「一連の〜」), not 「〜の一連として」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-313","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson91#vocab"],"stem":"少子化に（　）をかけるため、政府はさまざまな対策を打ち出している。","options":["拍車","王手","磨き","歯止め"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"为了遏制少子化，政府推出了各种对策。","en":"To put a brake on the falling birth rate, the government is rolling out all sorts of measures."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「少子化に（　）をかける」「対策」，政府的对策是为了阻止少子化继续发展。\n词义：「歯止め」（はどめ）＝刹车、制止，常说「〜に歯止めをかける」「歯止めがかからない」。\n辨析：「拍車」（はくしゃ）也用「〜に拍車をかける」，但意思是加速，正好相反。","en":"Clue: 「少子化に（　）をかける」, 「対策」 — the measures are meant to stop the decline.\nMeaning: 「歯止め」 (はどめ) is a brake, a check: 「〜に歯止めをかける」, 「歯止めがかからない」.\nContrast: 「拍車」 (はくしゃ) fits the same 「〜に…をかける」 frame but means speeding something up — the opposite."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「拍車をかける」是加速，政府不会想加速少子化。","en":"「拍車をかける」 is to speed something up — the opposite of what the measures want."},{"zh":"「王手をかける」是将军、离胜利只差一步，与此无关。","en":"「王手をかける」 is to be one step from victory (check in shogi); it doesn't fit."},{"zh":"「磨きをかける」是磨炼（技术），对象不能是少子化。","en":"「磨きをかける」 is to polish (a skill); it can't apply to the birth rate."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-314","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"前回の失敗を（　）、今回は準備に十分な時間をかけた。","options":["損ない","踏まえ","見計らい","控え"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"基于上次的失败，这次在准备上花了足够的时间。","en":"Building on last time's failure, this time we spent plenty of time preparing."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「前回の失敗を（　）、今回は…」，把上次的失败当作前提和教训来准备这次。\n词义：「踏まえる」（ふまえる）＝以……为依据、考虑到……，常说「〜を踏まえて」「現状を踏まえる」「経験を踏まえる」。","en":"Clue: 「前回の失敗を（　）、今回は…」 — last time's failure is the basis for this time's preparation.\nMeaning: 「踏まえる」 (ふまえる) is to build on, take into account: 「〜を踏まえて」, 「現状を踏まえる」, 「経験を踏まえる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「損なう」是损害，不说“损害上次的失败”。","en":"「損なう」 is to damage; it doesn't fit a past failure."},null,{"zh":"「見計らう」是看准（时机），宾语是「時期・頃合い」。","en":"「見計らう」 is to judge (the right moment); its object is a time."},{"zh":"「控える」是节制、等候，不说“节制失败”。","en":"「控える」 is to hold back or wait; \"holding back the failure\" makes no sense."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-315","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"社長の不用意な一言が、長年築いてきた会社の信用を大きく（　）。","options":["怠った","補った","免れた","損なった"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"社长一句不慎重的话，严重损害了公司多年建立的信誉。","en":"One careless remark from the president badly damaged the trust the company had built over many years."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「不用意な一言」「信用を大きく（　）」，一句失言让多年建立的信誉受损。\n词义：「損なう」（そこなう）＝损害、破坏（原本好的状态），常说「信用を損なう」「健康を損なう」「イメージを損なう」。","en":"Clue: 「不用意な一言」, 「信用を大きく（　）」 — a careless remark harms the trust built up over the years.\nMeaning: 「損なう」 (そこなう) is to damage something that was in good shape: 「信用を損なう」, 「健康を損なう」, 「イメージを損なう」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「怠る」是懈怠（义务等），主语不能是“一句话”。","en":"「怠る」 is to neglect (a duty); a remark can't neglect trust."},{"zh":"「補う」是弥补，“不慎的话弥补信誉”意思相反。","en":"「補う」 is to make up for; a careless remark wouldn't do that."},{"zh":"「免れる」是避免、免于，“免于信誉”不通。","en":"「免れる」 is to escape something; it doesn't fit."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-316","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"大きな地震だったが、築三百年の寺は奇跡的に倒壊を（　）。","options":["果たした","免れた","招いた","遂げた"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"那是一场大地震，但有三百年历史的寺庙奇迹般地免于倒塌。","en":"It was a big earthquake, but the three-hundred-year-old temple miraculously escaped collapse."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「大きな地震だったが」「奇跡的に」「倒壊を（　）」，本该倒塌，却幸免于难。\n词义：「免れる」（まぬかれる，也读まぬがれる）＝避免（灾祸、责任等）、幸免，常说「被害を免れる」「責任を免れる」。","en":"Clue: 「大きな地震だったが」, 「奇跡的に」, 「倒壊を（　）」 — it should have collapsed but was spared.\nMeaning: 「免れる」 (まぬかれる, also まぬがれる) is to escape (a disaster, a responsibility): 「被害を免れる」, 「責任を免れる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「果たす」是履行（职责、约定），不能接「倒壊」。","en":"「果たす」 is to fulfil (a duty, a promise); not 「倒壊」."},null,{"zh":"「招く」是招致，与「奇跡的に」矛盾。","en":"「招く」 is to bring about, which clashes with 「奇跡的に」."},{"zh":"「遂げる」是完成（目标），“完成倒塌”不通。","en":"「遂げる」 is to accomplish (a goal); \"accomplishing collapse\" makes no sense."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-317","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"資金不足で工事が（　）おり、完成のめどが立っていない。","options":["漂って","怠って","滞って","廃れて"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"由于资金不足工程停滞，完工遥遥无期。","en":"Work has stalled for lack of funds, and there's no telling when it will be finished."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「資金不足で工事が（　）おり」「完成のめどが立っていない」，工程停滞，进行不下去。\n词义：「滞る」（とどこおる）＝（事情）停滞、进展不顺；（款项）拖欠，常说「工事が滞る」「支払いが滞る」。","en":"Clue: 「資金不足で工事が（　）おり」, 「完成のめどが立っていない」 — the work has stalled.\nMeaning: 「滞る」 (とどこおる) is to stall, stop moving; of payments, to fall into arrears: 「工事が滞る」, 「支払いが滞る」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「漂う」是漂浮、弥漫，工程不能“漂浮”。","en":"「漂う」 is to drift or hang in the air; work can't drift."},{"zh":"「怠る」需要人做主语，接宾语「〜を怠る」，工程不能“懈怠”。","en":"「怠る」 needs a person who neglects something; work can't neglect."},null,{"zh":"「廃れる」是（风俗、流行）衰落、过时，不用于工程停滞。","en":"「廃れる」 is for customs or fashions falling out of use, not work stalling."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-318","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"判断に迷ったときは、自分だけで決めずに上司の指示を（　）ようにしている。","options":["担う","仰ぐ","敬う","挑む"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"拿不定主意时，我不自己做决定，而是请示上司。","en":"When I'm unsure, I don't decide alone; I ask my boss for instructions."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「自分だけで決めずに」「上司の指示を（　）」，自己不做主，向上级请求指示。\n词义：「仰ぐ」（あおぐ）＝仰望；引申为向尊长请求（指示、判断、援助），常说「指示を仰ぐ」「判断を仰ぐ」。","en":"Clue: 「自分だけで決めずに」, 「上司の指示を（　）」 — not deciding alone but asking a superior.\nMeaning: 「仰ぐ」 (あおぐ) is to look up to; by extension, to seek instructions, a decision or help from a superior: 「指示を仰ぐ」, 「判断を仰ぐ」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「担う」是承担（责任、角色），不说「指示を担う」。","en":"「担う」 is to bear (a role, responsibility); not 「指示を担う」."},null,{"zh":"「敬う」的宾语是人（尊敬长辈），不说「指示を敬う」。","en":"「敬う」 takes a person (respect elders); 「指示を敬う」 isn't said."},{"zh":"「挑む」是挑战（「難題に挑む」「勝負を挑む」），「指示を挑む」不通，也不是请求指示。","en":"「挑む」 is to challenge — not asking for instructions."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-319","type":"bunmyaku","d":3,"stem":"ミスを隠そうと、彼はその場を適当な言い訳で（　）。","options":["取り繕った","取り締まった","取り次いだ","取り立てた"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"为了掩盖失误，他用随便的借口敷衍了当时的场面。","en":"Trying to hide his mistake, he smoothed things over with some excuse."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「ミスを隠そう」「その場を適当な言い訳で（　）」，用借口把场面暂时应付过去。\n词义：「取り繕う」（とりつくろう）＝掩饰缺点、敷衍场面，常说「その場を取り繕う」「体裁を取り繕う」。","en":"Clue: 「ミスを隠そう」, 「その場を適当な言い訳で（　）」 — patching up the moment with an excuse.\nMeaning: 「取り繕う」 (とりつくろう) is to cover up a flaw, smooth things over: 「その場を取り繕う」, 「体裁を取り繕う」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「取り締まる」是取缔、管制（违法行为），与掩盖失误无关。","en":"「取り締まる」 is to crack down on (offences), not covering up."},{"zh":"「取り次ぐ」是转达（电话、话），不说「その場を取り次ぐ」。","en":"「取り次ぐ」 is to pass on (a call, a message); not 「その場を」."},{"zh":"「取り立てる」是催收（债款）或提拔，不能接「その場」。","en":"「取り立てる」 is to collect (debts) or promote; not 「その場」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-320","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson82#vocab"],"stem":"被害の拡大を防ぐため、政府は早急に対策を（　）べきだ。","options":["講じる","生じる","称する","投じる"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"为防止灾害扩大，政府应该尽快采取对策。","en":"To stop the damage spreading, the government should take measures immediately."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「被害の拡大を防ぐため」「対策を（　）」，政府该做的是采取对策。\n词义：「講じる」（こうじる）＝想出并采取（办法、措施），常说「対策を講じる」「手段を講じる」。","en":"Clue: 「被害の拡大を防ぐため」, 「対策を（　）」 — what the government should do is take measures.\nMeaning: 「講じる」 (こうじる) is to work out and take (measures, steps): 「対策を講じる」, 「手段を講じる」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「生じる」是产生、发生（「問題が生じる」），对策是人主动采取的，不说「対策を生じる」。","en":"「生じる」 is to arise or give rise to (「問題が生じる」); measures are something you take, so 「対策を生じる」 isn't said."},{"zh":"「称する」是称作、自称，不能接「対策」。","en":"「称する」 is to call or claim to be; not with 「対策」."},{"zh":"「投じる」说「資金を投じる」「一票を投じる」，不说「対策を投じる」。","en":"「投じる」 is 「資金を投じる」 or 「一票を投じる」, not 「対策を」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-321","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson89#vocab"],"stem":"決勝戦では、両チームが最後まで激しい攻防を（　）。","options":["差し出した","繰り広げた","繰り上げた","打ち出した"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"决赛中，两队直到最后都展开了激烈的攻防。","en":"In the final, the two teams fought it out fiercely to the very end."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「決勝戦では」「激しい攻防を（　）」，比赛中展开了一场激烈的攻防。\n词义：「繰り広げる」（くりひろげる）＝（在眼前）展开（一连串的场面、活动），常说「熱戦を繰り広げる」「論争を繰り広げる」。","en":"Clue: 「決勝戦では」, 「激しい攻防を（　）」 — a fierce back-and-forth unfolds in the final.\nMeaning: 「繰り広げる」 (くりひろげる) is to stage, unfold (a series of scenes or actions): 「熱戦を繰り広げる」, 「論争を繰り広げる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「差し出す」是递出、提交，不能接「攻防」。","en":"「差し出す」 is to hold out or submit; not 「攻防」."},null,{"zh":"「繰り上げる」是提前（日期、顺序），不能接「攻防」。","en":"「繰り上げる」 is to move up (a date, an order); not 「攻防」."},{"zh":"「打ち出す」是提出（方针、政策），与比赛不符。","en":"「打ち出す」 is to put forward (a policy); it doesn't fit a match."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-322","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"手続きのたびに同じ書類を何枚も書かされるのは（　）。","options":["心細い","煩わしい","待ち遠しい","潔い"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"每次办手续都要写好几张同样的文件，真麻烦。","en":"Having to fill out the same forms over and over every time is a real nuisance."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「手続きのたびに同じ書類を何枚も書かされる」，被迫反复写同样的东西，让人嫌麻烦。\n词义：「煩わしい」（わずらわしい）＝繁琐、烦人，多指手续、人际关系让人厌烦，常说「手続きが煩わしい」「煩わしい人間関係」。","en":"Clue: 「手続きのたびに同じ書類を何枚も書かされる」 — being made to write the same thing again and again is a bother.\nMeaning: 「煩わしい」 (わずらわしい) is tiresome, troublesome, often of procedures or relationships: 「手続きが煩わしい」, 「煩わしい人間関係」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「心細い」是不安、没依靠，与重复写文件无关。","en":"「心細い」 is feeling helpless or uneasy, not annoyed."},null,{"zh":"「待ち遠しい」是盼望，与厌烦相反。","en":"「待ち遠しい」 is looking forward to something — the opposite."},{"zh":"「潔い」是果断、干脆（态度），不形容填文件。","en":"「潔い」 describes a manly, clean-cut attitude, not paperwork."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-323","type":"bunmyaku","d":1,"refs":["lesson92#vocab"],"stem":"この二つの薬は名前が（　）ので、取り違えないよう注意が必要だ。","options":["若々しい","慌ただしい","紛らわしい","名残惜しい"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"这两种药名字容易混淆，必须注意不要拿错。","en":"These two medicines have confusingly similar names, so you have to be careful not to mix them up."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「名前が（　）」「取り違えないよう」，名字相近，容易拿错。\n词义：「紛らわしい」（まぎらわしい）＝相似得容易混淆、让人分不清，常说「紛らわしい名前」「紛らわしい表現」。","en":"Clue: 「名前が（　）」, 「取り違えないよう」 — the names are close enough to mix up.\nMeaning: 「紛らわしい」 (まぎらわしい) is confusingly similar, easy to mistake: 「紛らわしい名前」, 「紛らわしい表現」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「若々しい」是年轻有朝气，不形容药名。","en":"「若々しい」 is youthful; not for drug names."},{"zh":"「慌ただしい」是匆忙，不形容名字。","en":"「慌ただしい」 is hectic; it doesn't describe names."},null,{"zh":"「名残惜しい」是依依不舍，与拿错无关。","en":"「名残惜しい」 is being sad to part, unrelated to mix-ups."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-324","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"言い訳を一切せず、自ら責任を取って辞任するとは、（　）態度だ。","options":["未練がましい","白々しい","潔い","図々しい"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"一句借口都没有，主动承担责任辞职，真是干脆利落的态度。","en":"Not making a single excuse and resigning to take responsibility — that's a gracious way to act."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「言い訳を一切せず」「自ら責任を取って辞任する」，不辩解、主动承担，是干脆体面的态度。\n词义：「潔い」（いさぎよい）＝（面对错误、失败）不辩解、不留恋，干脆磊落，常说「潔く負けを認める」「潔い態度」。","en":"Clue: 「言い訳を一切せず」, 「自ら責任を取って辞任する」 — no excuses, taking the blame himself.\nMeaning: 「潔い」 (いさぎよい) is facing a mistake or defeat cleanly, without excuses or clinging on: 「潔く負けを認める」, 「潔い態度」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「未練がましい」是恋恋不舍、不死心，与干脆辞职相反。","en":"「未練がましい」 is clinging on, the opposite of stepping down cleanly."},{"zh":"「白々しい」是明显假装、装糊涂，与不找借口矛盾。","en":"「白々しい」 is transparently insincere, which contradicts making no excuses."},null,{"zh":"「図々しい」是厚脸皮，与主动辞职相反。","en":"「図々しい」 is brazen — the opposite of resigning gracefully."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-325","type":"bunmyaku","d":3,"stem":"難しい問題だからこそ、（　）な結論に飛びつくべきではない。","options":["安易","安静","容易","平易"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"正因为是难题，才不应该轻率地下结论。","en":"Precisely because it's a hard problem, we shouldn't jump at an easy conclusion."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「難しい問題だからこそ」「結論に飛びつく」，难题不该图省事地草率下结论。\n词义：「安易」（あんい）＝图省事、不深思，带批评意味，常说「安易な考え」「安易に決める」。\n辨析：「容易」（ようい）是做起来不难，「平易」（へいい）是文章等浅显易懂，都不带“轻率”的批评意味。","en":"Clue: 「難しい問題だからこそ」, 「結論に飛びつく」 — a hard problem shouldn't get a lazy, quick conclusion.\nMeaning: 「安易」 (あんい) is facile, taking the easy way without thought, a critical word: 「安易な考え」, 「安易に決める」.\nContrast: 「容易」 (ようい) is simply easy to do, and 「平易」 (へいい) is plain and easy to understand (of writing); neither criticizes."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「安静」是静养（病人），不能修饰结论。","en":"「安静」 is rest (for a patient); it can't describe a conclusion."},{"zh":"「容易」是容易做到，不说「容易な結論に飛びつく」。","en":"「容易」 is easy to do; 「容易な結論に飛びつく」 isn't said."},{"zh":"「平易」是浅显易懂（文章等），与“轻率下结论”不符。","en":"「平易」 is plain and easy to understand (of writing); not \"facile\"."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-326","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"そのデザインは、これまでの常識にとらわれない（　）な発想から生まれた。","options":["陳腐","頑丈","閑静","斬新"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"那个设计诞生于不拘泥于以往常识的新颖构思。","en":"The design came from a fresh idea that ignored the usual conventions."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「これまでの常識にとらわれない」「発想」，不受常识束缚的构思是新颖的。\n词义：「斬新」（ざんしん）＝新颖、别出心裁，多用于设计、想法，常说「斬新なアイデア」「斬新なデザイン」；反义是「陳腐」（ちんぷ）。","en":"Clue: 「これまでの常識にとらわれない」, 「発想」 — an idea free of convention is a fresh one.\nMeaning: 「斬新」 (ざんしん) is novel, strikingly new, mostly of designs and ideas: 「斬新なアイデア」, 「斬新なデザイン」. Its opposite is 「陳腐」 (ちんぷ)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「陳腐」是陈腐、老套，与“不受常识束缚”矛盾。","en":"「陳腐」 is hackneyed, which contradicts \"not bound by convention\"."},{"zh":"「頑丈」是结实（东西），不形容构思。","en":"「頑丈」 is sturdy (of objects), not of ideas."},{"zh":"「閑静」是幽静（住宅区），不形容构思。","en":"「閑静」 is quiet (of a neighbourhood), not of ideas."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-327","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"全力で走って、最終電車に（　）間に合った。","options":["一概に","断じて","到底","辛うじて"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"拼命跑，好不容易才赶上了末班电车。","en":"I ran flat out and only just made the last train."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「全力で走って」「間に合った」，拼尽全力才勉强赶上。\n词义：「辛うじて」（かろうじて）＝好不容易才、勉强（做到），多接达成的结果，常说「辛うじて間に合う」「辛うじて勝つ」。","en":"Clue: 「全力で走って」, 「間に合った」 — running flat out and just making it.\nMeaning: 「辛うじて」 (かろうじて) is barely, by a narrow margin, usually before something achieved: 「辛うじて間に合う」, 「辛うじて勝つ」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「一概に」后接否定（一概には言えない）。","en":"「一概に」 takes a negative (一概には言えない)."},{"zh":"「断じて」用于“绝对（不）……”的强烈断言，不接“赶上了”。","en":"「断じて」 is for strong assertions (断じて許さない), not \"made it\"."},{"zh":"「到底」后接否定（到底無理だ），不能接「間に合った」。","en":"「到底」 takes a negative (到底無理だ), not 「間に合った」."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-328","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"若者の活字（　）が進み、雑誌の休刊が相次いでいる。","options":["切れ","離れ","外れ","抜け"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"年轻人越来越不读书看报，杂志接连停刊。","en":"As young people drift away from print, magazines are folding one after another."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「若者の活字（　）」「雑誌の休刊が相次いでいる」，年轻人不再接触印刷品。\n词义：「〜離れ」（ばなれ）＝接名词后，表示对某事物失去兴趣、逐渐疏远，常说「活字離れ」（かつじばなれ）「若者の車離れ」「テレビ離れ」。","en":"Clue: 「若者の活字（　）」, 「雑誌の休刊が相次いでいる」 — young people drifting away from print.\nMeaning: 「〜離れ」 (ばなれ) after a noun means losing interest in it, drifting away: 「活字離れ」 (かつじばなれ), 「若者の車離れ」, 「テレビ離れ」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「〜切れ」是用完、到期（期限切れ・品切れ），不表示人不再接触。","en":"「〜切れ」 is running out (期限切れ・品切れ), not people drifting away."},null,{"zh":"「〜外れ」是落空、偏离（期待外れ・季節外れ），没有「活字外れ」。","en":"「〜外れ」 is missing or off (期待外れ・季節外れ); there's no 「活字外れ」."},{"zh":"「〜抜け」是缺漏（間抜け），没有「活字抜け」。","en":"「〜抜け」 is something missing (間抜け); there's no 「活字抜け」."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-329","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"本が売れないからといって、若者が本を読まなくなったとは（　）は言えない。","options":["あえて","くまなく","一概に","おのずと"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"虽说书卖不出去，但也不能一概而论说年轻人不读书了。","en":"Books not selling doesn't necessarily mean young people have stopped reading."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「（　）は言えない」，后面是否定，意思是不能笼统地这么断定。\n词义：「一概に」（いちがいに）＝笼统地、一律地，多后接否定，常说「一概には言えない」「一概に悪いとは言えない」。","en":"Clue: 「（　）は言えない」 — a negative follows: you can't say so across the board.\nMeaning: 「一概に」 (いちがいに) is wholesale, without distinction, usually with a negative: 「一概には言えない」, 「一概に悪いとは言えない」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「あえて」不与「は言えない」构成“不能一概而论”的意思。","en":"「あえて」 doesn't form this \"can't generalize\" phrase."},{"zh":"「くまなく」是到处都、毫无遗漏地，不能修饰「言えない」。","en":"「くまなく」 is \"in every corner\"; it can't modify 「言えない」."},null,{"zh":"「おのずと」是自然而然，与「は言えない」不搭配。","en":"「おのずと」 is \"naturally, of itself\"; it doesn't fit 「は言えない」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-330","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"毎日こつこつ練習を続けていれば、結果は（　）ついてくるものだ。","options":["くまなく","とっさに","かねて","おのずと"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"只要每天坚持练习，结果自然会随之而来。","en":"If you keep practising steadily every day, results will come of their own accord."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「こつこつ練習を続けていれば」「ついてくるものだ」，只要坚持，结果不用强求也会来。\n词义：「おのずと」＝自然而然地，不用特意去做，常说「おのずと分かる」「おのずと明らかになる」。","en":"Clue: 「こつこつ練習を続けていれば」, 「ついてくるものだ」 — keep at it and results follow without forcing them.\nMeaning: 「おのずと」 is naturally, of its own accord: 「おのずと分かる」, 「おのずと明らかになる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「くまなく」是毫无遗漏地（找、调查），与此无关。","en":"「くまなく」 is \"thoroughly, everywhere\" (searching); it doesn't fit."},{"zh":"「とっさに」是一瞬间、下意识地，不能修饰慢慢出现的结果。","en":"「とっさに」 is \"on the spur of the moment\", not results that come in time."},{"zh":"「かねて」是事先、以前就，不能修饰将来的结果。","en":"「かねて」 is \"previously, for some time\"; it can't describe future results."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-331","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"警察は、犯人の手がかりを求めて現場周辺を（　）捜索した。","options":["くまなく","めっきり","おのずと","辛うじて"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"警方为了寻找犯人的线索，把现场周围彻底搜了一遍。","en":"The police searched every inch of the area around the scene for clues."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「手がかりを求めて」「現場周辺を（　）捜索した」，为找线索把周围每个角落都搜了。\n词义：「くまなく」＝毫无遗漏地、到处，多用于找、查、看，常说「くまなく探す」「くまなく調べる」。","en":"Clue: 「手がかりを求めて」, 「現場周辺を（　）捜索した」 — searching every corner for clues.\nMeaning: 「くまなく」 is thoroughly, leaving no spot unchecked, mostly with searching or looking: 「くまなく探す」, 「くまなく調べる」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「めっきり」用于明显的变化（めっきり寒くなった），不修饰搜查。","en":"「めっきり」 is for a marked change (めっきり寒くなった), not searching."},{"zh":"「おのずと」是自然而然，不修饰有意识的搜查。","en":"「おのずと」 is \"of its own accord\", not a deliberate search."},{"zh":"「辛うじて」是勉强，“勉强搜查”不通。","en":"「辛うじて」 is \"barely\"; \"barely searched\" doesn't fit."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-332","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"stem":"試験前の一夜（　）の勉強では、本当の実力はつかない。","options":["漬け","詰め","込み","掛け"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"考试前临时抱佛脚式的学习，是长不了真本事的。","en":"Cramming the night before an exam won't build real ability."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「試験前の一夜（　）の勉強」，考试前一晚临时突击。\n词义：「〜漬け」（づけ）＝腌渍；「一夜漬け」（いちやづけ）原是只腌一夜的咸菜，比喻考前临时抱佛脚。接名词还可表示整天泡在某事里：「勉強漬け」「仕事漬け」。","en":"Clue: 「試験前の一夜（　）の勉強」 — studying crammed into the night before.\nMeaning: 「〜漬け」 (づけ) is pickling; 「一夜漬け」 (いちやづけ), originally pickles made overnight, means last-minute cramming. After a noun it can also mean steeped in something: 「勉強漬け」, 「仕事漬け」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「〜詰め」是塞满、一直（缶詰・立ち詰め），没有「一夜詰め」。","en":"「〜詰め」 is packed or nonstop (缶詰・立ち詰め); there's no 「一夜詰め」."},{"zh":"「〜込み」是包含在内（税込み），没有「一夜込み」。","en":"「〜込み」 is included (税込み); there's no 「一夜込み」."},{"zh":"「〜掛け」是做到一半（読み掛け），没有「一夜掛け」。","en":"「〜掛け」 is half-done (読み掛け); there's no 「一夜掛け」."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-333","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson81#vocab"],"stem":"新店舗の開店初日には、朝から客が（　）訪れた。","options":["めっきり","ひっきりなしに","一目散に","うっかり"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"新店开业第一天，从早上起顾客就络绎不绝。","en":"On the new shop's first day, customers came in non-stop from the morning on."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「開店初日」「朝から客が（　）訪れた」，顾客一个接一个，没有间断。\n词义：「ひっきりなしに」＝接连不断地，多用于来人、来电、车辆，常说「ひっきりなしに電話が鳴る」「車がひっきりなしに通る」。","en":"Clue: 「開店初日」, 「朝から客が（　）訪れた」 — customers coming one after another without a break.\nMeaning: 「ひっきりなしに」 is non-stop, in an unbroken stream, often of visitors, calls or traffic: 「ひっきりなしに電話が鳴る」, 「車がひっきりなしに通る」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「めっきり」用于状态明显变化，不形容来访次数。","en":"「めっきり」 is for a marked change of state, not frequent visits."},null,{"zh":"「一目散に」是头也不回地跑（逃跑等），不用于顾客来店。","en":"「一目散に」 is running off at full speed, not customers arriving."},{"zh":"「うっかり」是不小心，顾客不会“不小心”来店。","en":"「うっかり」 is \"carelessly\"; it doesn't describe customers arriving."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-334","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson82#vocab"],"stem":"初めての失敗だから、今回は（　）に見てあげよう。","options":["白い目","色眼鏡","大目","長い目"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"因为是第一次失误，这次就宽容一下吧。","en":"It's his first mistake, so let's let it go this time."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「初めての失敗だから」「（　）に見てあげよう」，第一次失误，不予追究；助词是「に」。\n词义：「大目に見る」（おおめにみる）＝宽容、睁一只眼闭一只眼，常说「多少のミスは大目に見る」。\n辨析：「長い目で見る」是从长远看、不急于下结论，助词用「で」。","en":"Clue: 「初めての失敗だから」, 「（　）に見てあげよう」 — a first mistake, so let it pass; note the particle 「に」.\nMeaning: 「大目に見る」 (おおめにみる) is to overlook, let someone off: 「多少のミスは大目に見る」.\nContrast: 「長い目で見る」 is taking the long view, not judging too soon, and takes 「で」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「白い目で見る」（冷眼相看）用「で」，与“宽容”相反。","en":"「白い目で見る」 (look coldly on) uses で and is the opposite."},{"zh":"「色眼鏡で見る」（带偏见看）用「で」，意思也不符。","en":"「色眼鏡で見る」 (see with prejudice) uses で and doesn't fit."},null,{"zh":"「長い目で見る」（从长远看）用「で」，意思也不是宽容。","en":"「長い目で見る」 (take the long view) uses で, and doesn't mean forgiving."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-335","type":"bunmyaku","d":2,"refs":["lesson79#vocab"],"stem":"無理をして体を壊してしまったら、（　）もない。","options":["身も蓋","根も葉","血も涙","元も子"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"如果硬撑把身体搞垮了，那就鸡飞蛋打、一切白费了。","en":"If you push yourself and wreck your health, you'll have lost everything."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「無理をして体を壊してしまったら」，身体垮了，之前的努力和收获就全白费了。\n词义：「元も子もない」（もともこもない）＝本钱（元）和利息（子）都没了，即前功尽弃、得不偿失，常说「〜たら元も子もない」。","en":"Clue: 「無理をして体を壊してしまったら」 — wreck your health and everything you gained is gone.\nMeaning: 「元も子もない」 (もともこもない) is losing both principal (元) and interest (子) — losing everything: 「〜たら元も子もない」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「身も蓋もない」是说话太直白、毫无余地，与身体垮掉无关。","en":"「身も蓋もない」 is being blunt to the point of tactlessness — not losing everything."},{"zh":"「根も葉もない」是毫无根据（谣言），不符。","en":"「根も葉もない」 is groundless (of a rumour); it doesn't fit."},{"zh":"「血も涙もない」是冷酷无情，不符。","en":"「血も涙もない」 is heartless; it doesn't fit."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-401","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"彼の指摘は<u>的を射ていた</u>。","options":["遠回しだった","要点をついていた","手厳しかった","当たり障りがなかった"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"他的指正切中要害。","en":"His point was right on target."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「的を射ていた」说他的指正说中了关键，对应「要点をついていた」。\n词义：「的を射る」（まとをいる）＝射中靶心，比喻切中要害，常说「的を射た意見」「的を射た指摘」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「的を射ていた」 — his point hit the key issue — matches 「要点をついていた」.\nMeaning: 「的を射る」 (まとをいる) is to hit the target, i.e. to be spot on: 「的を射た意見」, 「的を射た指摘」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「遠回し」是说话绕弯子，和是否说中要点无关。","en":"「遠回し」 is indirect phrasing, which says nothing about hitting the point."},null,{"zh":"「手厳しい」是严厉，「的を射る」说的是准确，不是语气严厉。","en":"「手厳しい」 is harsh; 「的を射る」 is about accuracy, not severity."},{"zh":"「当たり障りがない」是说得四平八稳、不得罪人，并不是切中要害。","en":"「当たり障りがない」 is inoffensive and safe — not incisive."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-402","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"財布もスマホもなくして、<u>途方に暮れた</u>。","options":["慌てふためいた","困り果てた","腹を立てた","気落ちした"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"钱包和手机都丢了，我不知所措。","en":"I'd lost my wallet and my phone and didn't know what to do."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「途方に暮れた」，钱包手机都丢了，想不出任何办法，对应「困り果てた」。\n词义：「途方に暮れる」（とほうにくれる）＝不知如何是好、一筹莫展，常说「道に迷って途方に暮れる」。\n辨析：「慌てふためく」是惊慌失措、手忙脚乱；「途方に暮れる」是愣住、想不出办法，未必慌乱。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「途方に暮れた」 — wallet and phone gone, no idea what to do — matches 「困り果てた」.\nMeaning: 「途方に暮れる」 (とほうにくれる) is to be at a complete loss: 「道に迷って途方に暮れる」.\nContrast: 「慌てふためく」 is panicking and rushing about; 「途方に暮れる」 is standing stuck with no idea, not necessarily in a panic."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「慌てふためく」是惊慌失措、手忙脚乱，「途方に暮れる」是呆住、想不出办法。","en":"「慌てふためく」 is panicking and rushing around; 「途方に暮れる」 is being stuck for any idea."},null,{"zh":"「腹を立てる」是生气，不是不知所措。","en":"「腹を立てる」 is getting angry, not being at a loss."},{"zh":"「気落ちする」是灰心、沮丧，重点在情绪低落，不在“不知道怎么办”。","en":"「気落ちする」 is feeling dejected; it says nothing about not knowing what to do."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-403","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"部長の提案に<u>異を唱える</u>者はいなかった。","options":["質問する","反対する","補足する","口を挟む"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"没有人对部长的提案提出异议。","en":"No one objected to the manager's proposal."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「異を唱える」＝对提案明确表示不同意见，即「反対する」。\n词义：「異を唱える」（いをとなえる）＝提出异议、表示反对，语气较正式，常说「〜に異を唱える」「定説に異を唱える」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「異を唱える」 — openly voicing a different view of the proposal — is 「反対する」.\nMeaning: 「異を唱える」 (いをとなえる) is to raise an objection, a fairly formal phrase: 「〜に異を唱える」, 「定説に異を唱える」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「質問する」只是提问，不等于反对。","en":"Asking a question is not objecting."},null,{"zh":"「補足する」是补充说明，是在支持原提案的基础上加内容。","en":"「補足する」 is adding to the proposal, not opposing it."},{"zh":"「口を挟む」是插嘴、打断别人说话，不一定是反对。","en":"「口を挟む」 is butting in, not necessarily objecting."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-404","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"老人は<u>おもむろに</u>口を開いた。","options":["不意に","ためらいがちに","小声で","ゆっくりと"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"老人缓缓开了口。","en":"The old man slowly began to speak."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「おもむろに」修饰「口を開いた」，老人是不慌不忙、慢慢开口的，对应「ゆっくりと」。\n词义：「おもむろに」＝从容地、缓缓地（开始某动作），常说「おもむろに口を開く」「おもむろに立ち上がる」；常被误当成“突然”，要注意。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「おもむろに」 modifies 「口を開いた」 — he began to speak slowly and calmly: 「ゆっくりと」.\nMeaning: 「おもむろに」 is slowly, deliberately (starting an action): 「おもむろに口を開く」, 「おもむろに立ち上がる」. It is often misread as \"suddenly\"."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「不意に」是突然，正是「おもむろに」常见的误解。","en":"「不意に」 is \"suddenly\" — the common misreading of 「おもむろに」."},{"zh":"「ためらいがちに」是犹犹豫豫，「おもむろに」是从容、沉稳，并不犹豫。","en":"「ためらいがちに」 is hesitantly; 「おもむろに」 is calm and unhurried, not hesitant."},{"zh":"「小声で」说的是音量，「おもむろに」说的是动作的节奏。","en":"「小声で」 is about volume; 「おもむろに」 is about pace."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-405","type":"iikae","d":1,"refs":["lesson91#vocab"],"stem":"この村では<u>過疎化</u>が進んでいる。","options":["都市化","産業の衰退","人口の減少","高齢化"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"这个村子人口越来越稀少。","en":"This village is steadily losing its population."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「過疎化が進んでいる」说村里人口越来越少，对应「人口の減少」。\n词义：「過疎化」（かそか）＝（农村、山区）人口外流、变得稀少，常说「過疎化が進む」「過疎地域」；人口过于集中则是「過密」（かみつ）。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「過疎化が進んでいる」 — the village keeps losing people — matches 「人口の減少」.\nMeaning: 「過疎化」 (かそか) is depopulation, people leaving rural areas: 「過疎化が進む」, 「過疎地域」. Overcrowding is 「過密」 (かみつ)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「都市化」是变得城市化，与人口流失的村子方向不同。","en":"「都市化」 is urbanisation — not what happens to a village losing people."},{"zh":"「産業の衰退」是产业衰落，可能是过疎化的原因，但不是它的意思。","en":"Industrial decline may cause depopulation, but it isn't what 「過疎化」 means."},null,{"zh":"「高齢化」是老人比例上升，常与过疎化同时出现，但不是同一回事。","en":"「高齢化」 is ageing; it often goes with depopulation but is a different thing."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-406","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"あの店員の態度はいかにも<u>横柄</u>だった。","options":["無愛想","いい加減","冷淡","偉そう"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"那个店员的态度十分傲慢。","en":"That shop assistant was really arrogant."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「横柄」形容店员的态度傲慢、摆架子，对应「偉そう」。\n词义：「横柄」（おうへい）＝傲慢无礼、居高临下，常说「横柄な態度」「横柄な口のきき方」。\n辨析：「無愛想」（ぶあいそう）只是不和气、不热情，未必看不起人；「横柄」的重点是居高临下。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「横柄」 — the assistant acting superior and rude — matches 「偉そう」.\nMeaning: 「横柄」 (おうへい) is arrogant, high-handed: 「横柄な態度」, 「横柄な口のきき方」.\nContrast: 「無愛想」 (ぶあいそう) is just curt and unfriendly, not necessarily looking down on you; 「横柄」 is about acting superior."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「無愛想」是冷淡、不和气，不一定摆架子。","en":"「無愛想」 is curt and unfriendly, not necessarily overbearing."},{"zh":"「いい加減」是马虎、不认真，与傲慢无关。","en":"「いい加減」 is sloppy, not arrogant."},{"zh":"「冷淡」是冷漠、不热心，「横柄」的重点是居高临下。","en":"「冷淡」 is cold and uninterested; 「横柄」 is about looking down on people."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-407","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"先輩は私の頼みを<u>快く</u>引き受けてくれた。","options":["喜んで","即座に","黙って","条件付きで"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"前辈爽快地答应了我的请求。","en":"My senior gladly agreed to help me."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「快く」修饰「引き受けてくれた」，前辈是乐意答应的，对应「喜んで」。\n词义：「快く」（こころよく）＝爽快地、欣然地（答应请求），常说「快く引き受ける」「快く応じる」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「快く」 modifies 「引き受けてくれた」 — he agreed willingly: 「喜んで」.\nMeaning: 「快く」 (こころよく) is gladly, readily (agreeing to a request): 「快く引き受ける」, 「快く応じる」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「即座に」是马上，说的是速度，不是是否乐意。","en":"「即座に」 is about speed, not willingness."},{"zh":"「黙って」是一声不吭，看不出是否乐意。","en":"「黙って」 is without a word; it says nothing about being glad to."},{"zh":"「条件付きで」是附带条件，和「快く」的爽快意思不符。","en":"「条件付きで」 means with conditions attached, not gladly."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-408","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"この制度には、まだ改善の<u>余地</u>がある。","options":["可能性","計画","予定","結果"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"这个制度还有改进的余地。","en":"There's still room for improvement in this system."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「改善の余地がある」＝还有可以改进的空间，即还有改进的「可能性」。\n词义：「余地」（よち）＝还能容纳某事的空间、可能，常说「改善の余地がある」「選択の余地がない」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「余地」 in 「改善の余地がある」 — there's still room to improve — amounts to 「可能性」.\nMeaning: 「余地」 (よち) is room or scope for something: 「改善の余地がある」, 「選択の余地がない」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「計画」是具体的计划，与“空间、余地”的意思不同。","en":"「計画」 is a concrete plan, not room for something."},{"zh":"「予定」是已经安排好要做，「余地」只是可能性。","en":"「予定」 is a plan already fixed; 「余地」 is only possibility."},{"zh":"「結果」是事情的结果，「余地」是还留有的空间、可能。","en":"「結果」 is an outcome; 「余地」 is room still left for something."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-409","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"彼の話はどうも<u>つじつまが合わない</u>。","options":["要領を得ない","筋が通らない","歯切れが悪い","話がかみ合わない"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"他的话怎么也说不通。","en":"His story just doesn't add up."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「つじつまが合わない」指他的话前后矛盾、说不通，对应「筋が通らない」。\n词义：「つじつま」（辻褄）＝事情的条理、前后的一致，常说「つじつまが合わない」「話のつじつまを合わせる」。\n辨析：「要領を得ない」是说不到点子上、让人听不明白，未必前后矛盾。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「つじつまが合わない」 — his story contradicts itself — matches 「筋が通らない」.\nMeaning: 「つじつま」 (辻褄) is consistency, how the parts fit together: 「つじつまが合わない」, 「話のつじつまを合わせる」.\nContrast: 「要領を得ない」 is rambling and hard to follow, not necessarily self-contradictory."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「要領を得ない」是抓不住要点、说不清楚，不一定前后矛盾。","en":"「要領を得ない」 is rambling and unclear, not necessarily contradictory."},null,{"zh":"「歯切れが悪い」是说话含糊、吞吞吐吐。","en":"「歯切れが悪い」 is speaking evasively or haltingly."},{"zh":"「話がかみ合わない」是两个人说话对不上茬，说的是对话双方。","en":"「話がかみ合わない」 is two people talking past each other."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-410","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"彼はようやく自分の<u>非</u>を認めた。","options":["誤り","本心","限界","弱さ"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"他终于承认了自己的过错。","en":"He finally admitted he was in the wrong."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「非」是「認めた」的宾语，「自分の非を認める」＝承认自己的过错，对应「誤り」。\n词义：「非」（ひ）单独作名词时指过错、不对的地方，常说「非を認める」「非の打ち所がない」（无可挑剔）。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「非」 is what he admitted — 「自分の非を認める」, owning his fault — matching 「誤り」.\nMeaning: 「非」 (ひ) as a noun is a fault, a wrong: 「非を認める」, 「非の打ち所がない」 (flawless)."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「本心」是真心话，「本心を認める」意思完全不同。","en":"「本心」 is one's true feelings — a different thing to admit."},{"zh":"「限界」是能力的极限，与对错无关。","en":"「限界」 is the limit of one's ability, not right or wrong."},{"zh":"「弱さ」是软弱，「非」说的是做错了事。","en":"「弱さ」 is weakness; 「非」 is having done wrong."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-411","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"その計画は<u>白紙に戻された</u>。","options":["縮小された","保留された","なかったことにされた","延期された"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"那个计划被推倒重来了。","en":"The plan was scrapped and taken back to square one."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「白紙に戻された」指计划被一笔勾销、回到原点，对应「なかったことにされた」。\n词义：「白紙に戻す」（はくしにもどす）＝撤销已定的事、回到什么都没定的状态，常说「計画を白紙に戻す」。\n辨析：「保留」（ほりゅう）是暂时搁置、以后再定，原计划并没取消。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「白紙に戻された」 — the plan was wiped out and taken back to zero — matches 「なかったことにされた」.\nMeaning: 「白紙に戻す」 (はくしにもどす) is to scrap what was decided and start from a clean slate: 「計画を白紙に戻す」.\nContrast: 「保留」 (ほりゅう) is putting it on hold to decide later; nothing is cancelled."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「縮小」是缩小规模，计划还在。","en":"「縮小」 is scaling down; the plan still exists."},{"zh":"「保留」是暂时搁置，等以后再定，并没有一笔勾销。","en":"「保留」 is putting on hold, not wiping the slate clean."},null,{"zh":"「延期」是推迟，计划本身还在。","en":"「延期」 is postponing; the plan still stands."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-412","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"社長は新規出店に<u>難色を示した</u>。","options":["戸惑った","黙り込んだ","驚いた","渋った"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"社长对开新店面露难色。","en":"The president showed reluctance about opening a new store."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「難色を示した」＝社长对开新店表现出不赞成、不情愿，对应「渋った」。\n词义：「難色を示す」（なんしょくをしめす）＝面露难色、表示不同意，常说「〜に難色を示す」；「渋る」（しぶる）＝不情愿、迟迟不肯，常说「返事を渋る」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「難色を示した」 — the president showed he didn't like the idea — matches 「渋った」.\nMeaning: 「難色を示す」 (なんしょくをしめす) is to show disapproval: 「〜に難色を示す」. 「渋る」 (しぶる) is to be reluctant, hold back: 「返事を渋る」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「戸惑う」是不知所措，不是不同意。","en":"「戸惑う」 is being bewildered, not disapproving."},{"zh":"「黙り込む」是沉默不语，没有表示不同意。","en":"「黙り込む」 is falling silent, not showing disapproval."},{"zh":"「驚く」只是吃惊，看不出赞成还是反对。","en":"「驚く」 is surprise; it shows no stance."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-413","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"今回の遅刻は<u>不問に付す</u>ことにした。","options":["報告しない","繰り返さない","記録しない","とがめない"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"这次迟到决定不予追究。","en":"We've decided to let this lateness pass."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「不問に付す」＝对这次迟到不予追究，对应「とがめない」。\n词义：「不問に付す」（ふもんにふす）＝不追问、不追究（过失），常说「今回は不問に付す」；「とがめる」（咎める）＝责备、追究，常说「失敗をとがめる」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「不問に付す」 — letting this lateness go — matches 「とがめない」.\nMeaning: 「不問に付す」 (ふもんにふす) is to let a fault pass without pursuing it: 「今回は不問に付す」. 「とがめる」 (咎める) is to blame, take someone to task: 「失敗をとがめる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「報告しない」是不上报，与是否追究责任不同。","en":"Not reporting it is different from not holding someone to account."},{"zh":"「繰り返さない」是不再犯，说的是迟到的人，不是处理方式。","en":"「繰り返さない」 is about not doing it again, not about how it's dealt with."},{"zh":"「記録しない」只是不留记录，不等于不追究。","en":"Not recording it isn't the same as letting it pass."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-414","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"平日の昼間の商店街は<u>閑散としている</u>。","options":["雑然としている","ひっそりしている","のんびりしている","古びている"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"平日白天的商业街冷冷清清。","en":"On weekday afternoons the shopping street is quiet and nearly empty."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「閑散としている」形容平日白天的商店街人少冷清，对应「ひっそりしている」。\n词义：「閑散」（かんさん）＝人少、冷清，常说「閑散とした商店街」「閑散期」（淡季）。\n辨析：「のんびり」是悠闲自在，说的是人或气氛不紧张，未必人少。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「閑散としている」 — the street is quiet and nearly empty — matches 「ひっそりしている」.\nMeaning: 「閑散」 (かんさん) is deserted, with few people about: 「閑散とした商店街」, 「閑散期」 (the off-season).\nContrast: 「のんびり」 is relaxed and unhurried, about mood or pace, not necessarily empty."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「雑然」是杂乱，说的是乱，不是人少。","en":"「雑然」 is cluttered — disorder, not emptiness."},null,{"zh":"「のんびり」是悠闲，不一定人少。","en":"「のんびり」 is relaxed, not necessarily empty."},{"zh":"「古びている」是陈旧，说的是建筑，不是人气。","en":"「古びている」 is old and worn — the buildings, not the crowds."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-415","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"兄は服装に<u>無頓着だ</u>。","options":["こだわらない","控えめだ","不慣れだ","疎い"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"哥哥对穿着毫不在意。","en":"My brother doesn't care at all about what he wears."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「服装に無頓着だ」＝对穿着不在意、不讲究，对应「こだわらない」。\n词义：「無頓着」（むとんちゃく）＝对某事不在乎、不讲究，常说「〜に無頓着だ」「お金に無頓着な人」。\n辨析：「疎い」（うとい）是对某方面不了解、不熟悉，说的是知识；「無頓着」说的是不在意。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「服装に無頓着だ」 — not caring about clothes — matches 「こだわらない」.\nMeaning: 「無頓着」 (むとんちゃく) is indifferent, unconcerned about something: 「〜に無頓着だ」, 「お金に無頓着な人」.\nContrast: 「疎い」 (うとい) is knowing little about a field — knowledge; 「無頓着」 is not caring."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「控えめ」是朴素、不张扬，可能是刻意讲究的结果。","en":"「控えめ」 is modest, understated — which may even be deliberate."},{"zh":"「不慣れ」是不习惯、没经验。","en":"「不慣れ」 is being unused to something."},{"zh":"「疎い」是不了解、不熟悉，重点是知识，不是在不在乎。","en":"「疎い」 is not knowing much about it — knowledge, not caring."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-416","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"今日の会議は<u>いささか</u>長すぎた。","options":["さすがに","少々","案の定","やけに"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"今天的会议稍微长了点。","en":"Today's meeting went on a bit too long."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「いささか」修饰「長すぎた」，表示稍微、有点儿，对应「少々」。\n词义：「いささか」＝稍微、有些，语气较书面、含蓄，常说「いささか疑問が残る」「いささか驚いた」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「いささか」 modifies 「長すぎた」 — a little too long — matching 「少々」.\nMeaning: 「いささか」 is somewhat, a little, a rather formal, understated word: 「いささか疑問が残る」, 「いささか驚いた」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「さすがに」是“到底还是、毕竟”，不是表示程度轻。","en":"「さすがに」 is \"admittedly, as you'd expect\", not a mild degree."},null,{"zh":"「案の定」是“果然”，表示和预料一样。","en":"「案の定」 is \"just as expected\"."},{"zh":"「やけに」是“格外、出奇地”，程度很高。","en":"「やけに」 is \"unusually\", a strong degree."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-417","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"患者の容体は<u>一刻を争う</u>。","options":["手の施しようがない","刻々と変わる","急を要する","予断を許さない"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"患者的病情刻不容缓。","en":"The patient's condition can't wait a moment."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「一刻を争う」形容病情紧急、一分一秒都耽误不起，对应「急を要する」。\n词义：「一刻を争う」（いっこくをあらそう）＝分秒必争、刻不容缓，常说「一刻を争う事態」。\n辨析：「予断を許さない」（よだんをゆるさない）是情况难以预料、不能掉以轻心，重点在不确定，不在紧急。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「一刻を争う」 — not a moment to lose — matches 「急を要する」.\nMeaning: 「一刻を争う」 (いっこくをあらそう) is that every second counts: 「一刻を争う事態」.\nContrast: 「予断を許さない」 (よだんをゆるさない) is that the outcome can't be predicted — uncertainty, not urgency."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「手の施しようがない」是已经无法救治，与“必须抢时间”不同。","en":"「手の施しようがない」 is beyond help — not the same as needing speed."},{"zh":"「刻々と変わる」是时刻在变化，没有“紧急”的意思。","en":"「刻々と変わる」 is changing by the minute, not urgent as such."},null,{"zh":"「予断を許さない」是情况难以预料，说的是不确定，不是紧急。","en":"「予断を許さない」 is unpredictable — uncertainty, not urgency."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-418","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"ネットの情報を<u>鵜呑みにして</u>はいけない。","options":["そのまま信じて","言いふらして","軽んじて","書き写して"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"不能对网上的信息囫囵吞枣、照单全收。","en":"You mustn't swallow what you read online whole."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「鵜呑みにして」＝不加分辨地照单全收，对应「そのまま信じて」。\n词义：「鵜呑み」（うのみ）＝鸬鹚把鱼整条吞下，比喻不经思考就全盘接受，常说「〜を鵜呑みにする」「話を鵜呑みにする」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「鵜呑みにして」 — taking it in without question — matches 「そのまま信じて」.\nMeaning: 「鵜呑み」 (うのみ) is a cormorant swallowing a fish whole, i.e. believing without thinking: 「〜を鵜呑みにする」, 「話を鵜呑みにする」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「言いふらす」是到处散布，说的是传播，不是相信。","en":"「言いふらす」 is spreading it around, not believing it."},{"zh":"「軽んじる」是轻视，方向相反。","en":"「軽んじる」 is making light of it — not believing it blindly."},{"zh":"「書き写す」是抄写，与相信无关。","en":"「書き写す」 is copying it out."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-419","type":"iikae","d":1,"stem":"両国の交渉は<u>難航している</u>。","options":["白熱している","はかどらない","決裂した","中断している"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"两国的谈判进展困难。","en":"The talks between the two countries are making little headway."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「難航している」＝谈判还在继续，但困难重重、进展慢，对应「はかどらない」。\n词义：「難航」（なんこう）＝原指船只航行困难，比喻谈判、工作进展艰难，常说「交渉が難航する」「捜査が難航する」。\n辨析：「決裂」（けつれつ）是谈判破裂、谈不下去了；「難航」是还在谈，只是很艰难。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「難航している」 — the talks go on but make little headway — matches 「はかどらない」.\nMeaning: 「難航」 (なんこう) is, literally, rough sailing; of talks or work, hard going: 「交渉が難航する」, 「捜査が難航する」.\nContrast: 「決裂」 (けつれつ) is the talks breaking down; with 「難航」 they continue, just with difficulty."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「白熱」是讨论激烈，不一定进展不顺。","en":"「白熱」 is heated debate, not necessarily slow progress."},null,{"zh":"「決裂」是谈判破裂，已经结束了，「難航」还在继续。","en":"「決裂」 is a breakdown — talks over; 「難航」 means they continue with difficulty."},{"zh":"「中断」是暂停，「難航」是一直在谈但很艰难。","en":"「中断」 is a pause; 「難航」 is ongoing but hard going."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-420","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"彼は会議の間、<u>終始</u>無言だった。","options":["ずっと","たびたび","しばらく","ほとんど"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"开会期间他始终一言不发。","en":"He didn't say a word from start to finish of the meeting."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「終始」修饰「無言だった」，整个会议从头到尾都没说话，对应「ずっと」。\n词义：「終始」（しゅうし）＝自始至终、一直，常说「終始無言だった」「終始笑顔だった」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「終始」 modifies 「無言だった」 — silent from start to finish — matching 「ずっと」.\nMeaning: 「終始」 (しゅうし) is from beginning to end, throughout: 「終始無言だった」, 「終始笑顔だった」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「たびたび」是屡次，表示断断续续，不是一直。","en":"「たびたび」 is repeatedly, on and off — not throughout."},{"zh":"「しばらく」是一段时间，不是整个会议。","en":"「しばらく」 is for a while, not the whole meeting."},{"zh":"「ほとんど」是几乎，留有例外，「終始」没有例外。","en":"「ほとんど」 is \"almost\", allowing exceptions; 「終始」 allows none."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-421","type":"iikae","d":2,"refs":["lesson86#vocab"],"stem":"部長は自分の案を<u>強引に</u>通した。","options":["巧みに","ひそかに","無理やり","早々に"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"部长强行让自己的方案通过了。","en":"The manager forced his own plan through."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「強引に」修饰「通した」，不顾别人的意见硬让方案通过，对应「無理やり」。\n词义：「強引」（ごういん）＝强行、硬来，常说「強引に進める」「強引なやり方」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「強引に」 modifies 「通した」 — pushing the plan through over others' views — matching 「無理やり」.\nMeaning: 「強引」 (ごういん) is forcible, pushy: 「強引に進める」, 「強引なやり方」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「巧みに」是巧妙地，靠技巧而不是硬来。","en":"「巧みに」 is skilfully — by craft, not force."},{"zh":"「ひそかに」是偷偷地，「強引に」是公开硬推。","en":"「ひそかに」 is secretly; 「強引に」 is pushing it through openly."},null,{"zh":"「早々に」是很快地，说的是时间。","en":"「早々に」 is early, quickly — timing, not force."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-422","type":"iikae","d":3,"stem":"両チームの実力は<u>拮抗している</u>。","options":["際立っている","互角だ","安定している","伸びている"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"两队实力不相上下。","en":"The two teams are evenly matched."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「拮抗している」说两队实力不相上下，对应「互角だ」。\n词义：「拮抗」（きっこう）＝势均力敌、互相抗衡，常说「実力が拮抗する」「勢力が拮抗する」；「互角」（ごかく）＝不分高下，常说「互角の勝負」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「拮抗している」 — the two teams are level — matches 「互角だ」.\nMeaning: 「拮抗」 (きっこう) is being evenly matched, neither side ahead: 「実力が拮抗する」, 「勢力が拮抗する」. 「互角」 (ごかく) is equal: 「互角の勝負」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「際立っている」是格外突出。","en":"「際立っている」 is standing out."},null,{"zh":"「安定している」是稳定，不是双方相当。","en":"「安定している」 is being stable, not equal."},{"zh":"「伸びている」是在进步，与双方是否相当无关。","en":"「伸びている」 is improving, not being evenly matched."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-423","type":"iikae","d":3,"stem":"資金難で、新工場の建設計画は<u>頓挫した</u>。","options":["先送りされた","見直された","行き詰まった","縮小された"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"由于资金困难，新工厂的建设计划受挫中断了。","en":"Money troubles derailed the plan to build the new factory."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「頓挫した」＝计划因资金困难中途受挫、推进不下去，对应「行き詰まった」。\n词义：「頓挫」（とんざ）＝（计划、事业）中途受挫而停顿，常说「計画が頓挫する」「事業が頓挫する」。\n辨析：「先送り」（さきおくり）是推迟，计划还在；「頓挫」是进行不下去。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「頓挫した」 — the plan broke down midway for lack of money — matches 「行き詰まった」.\nMeaning: 「頓挫」 (とんざ) is a plan or venture stalling partway: 「計画が頓挫する」, 「事業が頓挫する」.\nContrast: 「先送り」 (さきおくり) is putting it off, with the plan still alive; 「頓挫」 means it can't go on."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「先送り」是推迟，计划本身没有受挫。","en":"「先送り」 is postponing, not stalling."},{"zh":"「見直す」是重新评估，不等于进行不下去。","en":"「見直す」 is reviewing, not getting stuck."},null,{"zh":"「縮小」是缩小规模，计划还在推进。","en":"「縮小」 is scaling down; the plan goes on."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-424","type":"iikae","d":2,"stem":"どんなに苦しくても、彼女は<u>弱音を吐かなかった</u>。","options":["涙を見せなかった","人を頼らなかった","泣き言を言わなかった","本音を漏らさなかった"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"无论多么艰难，她都没有说过泄气话。","en":"However hard things got, she never complained it was too much."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「弱音を吐かなかった」＝再苦也没说泄气话，对应「泣き言を言わなかった」。\n词义：「弱音」（よわね）＝泄气话、叫苦的话，常说「弱音を吐く」；「泣き言」（なきごと）＝诉苦、抱怨的话，常说「泣き言を言う」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「弱音を吐かなかった」 — not once saying it was too hard — matches 「泣き言を言わなかった」.\nMeaning: 「弱音」 (よわね) is words of weakness, complaining it's too much: 「弱音を吐く」. 「泣き言」 (なきごと) is whining, a complaint: 「泣き言を言う」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「涙を見せない」是不流泪，「弱音」是说出来的话。","en":"Not showing tears is different from not voicing complaints."},{"zh":"「人を頼らない」是不依赖别人，说的是行动，不是言语。","en":"Not relying on others is about action, not complaining."},null,{"zh":"「本音を漏らす」是说出真心话，不一定是叫苦。","en":"「本音を漏らす」 is revealing one's true feelings, not whining."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-425","type":"iikae","d":3,"stem":"待ち時間が長く、<u>手持ち無沙汰だった</u>。","options":["いら立っていた","退屈だった","心細かった","気詰まりだった"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"等待时间很长，闲得无聊。","en":"The wait was long and I had nothing to do with myself."},"why":{"zh":"线索：划线的「手持ち無沙汰だった」＝等得太久，手上没事做，闲得无聊，对应「退屈だった」。\n词义：「手持ち無沙汰」（てもちぶさた）＝手头没事可做、闲得发慌，常说「手持ち無沙汰になる」「手持ち無沙汰な様子」。","en":"Clue: the underlined 「手持ち無沙汰だった」 — a long wait with nothing to do — matches 「退屈だった」.\nMeaning: 「手持ち無沙汰」 (てもちぶさた) is having nothing to do with your hands, idle and bored: 「手持ち無沙汰になる」, 「手持ち無沙汰な様子」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「いら立つ」是焦躁、生气，「手持ち無沙汰」只是没事干。","en":"「いら立つ」 is irritation; 「手持ち無沙汰」 is just idleness."},null,{"zh":"「心細い」是心里没底、不安。","en":"「心細い」 is feeling uneasy or forlorn."},{"zh":"「気詰まり」是拘束、不自在，通常因为有人在场。","en":"「気詰まり」 is feeling awkward or constrained, usually around others."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-101","type":"kanji","d":2,"refs":["lesson82#vocab"],"stem":"被災地の状況を確かめるため、市長は自ら現地に<u>赴いた</u>。","options":["おもむいた","うつむいた","ふりむいた","そむいた"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"为了确认灾区的情况，市长亲自前往了当地。","en":"To see the situation in the disaster area for himself, the mayor went there in person."},"why":{"zh":"「赴く（おもむく）」：前往、奔赴（郑重的说法）。","en":"「赴く」 is おもむく: to go to, proceed to (formal)."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「うつむく」是「俯く」（低头）。","en":"うつむく is 「俯く」, to look down."},{"zh":"「ふりむく」是「振り向く」（回头）。","en":"ふりむく is 「振り向く」, to turn round."},{"zh":"「そむく」是「背く」（违背）。","en":"そむく is 「背く」, to disobey."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-102","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"彼女は語学に<u>秀でて</u>おり、五か国語を自由に操る。","options":["すぐでて","ひいでて","しゅうでて","ひでて"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"她在语言方面出类拔萃，能自如地运用五种语言。","en":"She excels at languages and handles five of them with ease."},"why":{"zh":"「秀でる（ひいでる）」：优秀、出众，常说「〜に秀でる」。","en":"「秀でる」 is ひいでる: to excel (「〜に秀でる」)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「すぐれる」写作「優れる」；「秀でる」读「ひいでる」。","en":"すぐれる is 「優れる」; 「秀でる」 is ひいでる."},null,{"zh":"「しゅう」是「秀」的音读（如「優秀」），这个动词用训读。","en":"しゅう is the on reading (as in 「優秀」); the verb uses the kun reading."},{"zh":"是长音「ひい」，不能缩短成「ひ」。","en":"It's ひい with a long vowel, not ひ."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-103","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"長年着ているジャケットの袖口が<u>綻びて</u>きた。","options":["ほろびて","ほどけて","ほころびて","こぼれて"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"穿了很多年的夹克，袖口开线了。","en":"The cuffs of the jacket I've worn for years have started to come apart."},"why":{"zh":"「綻びる（ほころびる）」：（缝线）开绽，也指花蕾初绽、面露笑容。","en":"「綻びる」 is ほころびる: to come apart at the seams (also of buds opening, faces breaking into a smile)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ほろびる」是「滅びる」（灭亡）。","en":"ほろびる is 「滅びる」, to perish."},{"zh":"「ほどける」是「解ける」（绳结松开），意思相近但不是这个字。","en":"ほどける is 「解ける」 (a knot coming undone) — similar meaning, different word."},null,{"zh":"「こぼれる」是「零れる」（洒出、溢出）。","en":"こぼれる is 「零れる」, to spill."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-104","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"仕事ばかりの毎日で、生活に<u>潤い</u>がない。","options":["うれい","うるおい","いこい","うるみ"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"每天只有工作，生活缺少滋润。","en":"It's nothing but work every day; my life has no richness to it."},"why":{"zh":"「潤い（うるおい）」：滋润；（生活的）情趣、宽裕。","en":"「潤い」 is うるおい: moisture; (in life) richness, something that makes life pleasant."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「うれい」是「憂い」（忧愁）。","en":"うれい is 「憂い」 (sorrow)."},null,{"zh":"「いこい」是「憩い」（休憩、放松），意思相近但字不同。","en":"いこい is 「憩い」, rest — related idea, different word."},{"zh":"「潤い」送假名是「い」，读「うるおい」；「うるみ」要写成「潤み」（眼睛湿润）。","en":"With い as okurigana it's うるおい; うるみ would be written 「潤み」 (moist eyes)."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-105","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"祖父は<u>寡黙</u>だが、孫たちのことをいつも気にかけている。","options":["がもく","かぼく","かむく","かもく"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"祖父话不多，却一直惦记着孙子孙女们。","en":"Grandfather is a man of few words, but he always looks out for his grandchildren."},"why":{"zh":"「寡（か）」+「黙（もく）」：「かもく」，沉默寡言。","en":"「寡」 is か and 「黙」 is もく: かもく, taciturn."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「寡」是清音「か」（如「寡占」），不是「が」。","en":"「寡」 is unvoiced か (as in 「寡占」), not が."},{"zh":"「黙」读「もく」（如「沈黙」），不是「ぼく」。","en":"「黙」 is もく (as in 「沈黙」), not ぼく."},{"zh":"「黙」读「もく」，不是「むく」。","en":"「黙」 is もく, not むく."},null],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-106","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"大学の就職課では、卒業生にも仕事を<u>斡旋</u>している。","options":["あっせん","あっぜん","あつせん","かんせん"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"大学的就业指导处也为毕业生介绍工作。","en":"The university careers office also finds jobs for its graduates."},"why":{"zh":"「斡旋（あっせん）」：介绍、居间调停。「斡」读「あつ」，后面接「せ」时促音化为「あっ」。","en":"「斡旋」 is あっせん: arranging or brokering (jobs, deals). 「斡」 あつ becomes あっ before せ."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「旋」是清音「せん」（如「旋回」），不浊化。","en":"「旋」 is unvoiced せん (as in 「旋回」)."},{"zh":"「あつ」在「せ」前要变促音：「あっせん」。","en":"あつ turns into あっ before せ: あっせん."},{"zh":"「斡」的右半边像「幹・乾」，但读「あつ」，不读「かん」。","en":"「斡」 looks like 「幹・乾」 but reads あつ, not かん."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-107","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"彼の行為は、社会人としての常識を<u>逸脱</u>している。","options":["いつだつ","いったつ","いつたつ","いちだつ"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"他的行为偏离了社会人应有的常识。","en":"His behaviour goes beyond what's acceptable for a working adult."},"why":{"zh":"「逸（いつ）」+「脱（だつ）」：「いつだつ」，偏离、越出范围。","en":"「逸」 is いつ and 「脱」 is だつ: いつだつ, deviation."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"这里不发生促音变化，读「いつだつ」。","en":"There's no small っ here: いつだつ."},{"zh":"「脱」是浊音「だつ」（如「脱出」）。","en":"「脱」 is voiced だつ (as in 「脱出」)."},{"zh":"「逸」读「いつ」（如「逸話」），不是「いち」。","en":"「逸」 is いつ (as in 「逸話」), not いち."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-108","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"入社三年目の彼が、新規事業の責任者に<u>抜擢</u>された。","options":["ばくてき","はってき","ばつてき","ばってき"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"进公司才第三年的他被提拔为新业务的负责人。","en":"Only in his third year at the company, he was picked to lead the new business."},"why":{"zh":"「抜擢（ばってき）」：提拔、选拔。「抜」在这里促音化为「ばっ」。","en":"「抜擢」 is ばってき: being singled out for promotion. 「抜」 becomes ばっ here."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「抜」读「ばつ」，不读「ばく」。","en":"「抜」 is ばつ, not ばく."},{"zh":"第一个音是浊音「ば」。","en":"The first sound is voiced ば."},{"zh":"「抜」后面接「てき」时变成促音「ばっ」。","en":"Before てき, 「抜」 turns into ばっ (small っ)."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-109","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"この旅館は、創業当時の<u>趣</u>を今もよく残している。","options":["おもぶき","おもかげ","おもむき","いぶき"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"这家旅馆至今仍很好地保留着创业当年的风韵。","en":"This inn still keeps much of the charm it had when it first opened."},"why":{"zh":"「趣（おもむき）」：风趣、情趣、韵味。","en":"「趣」 is おもむき: charm, atmosphere, flavour."},"wrong":[{"zh":"第三个音是「む」，不是「ぶ」。","en":"The third sound is む, not ぶ."},{"zh":"「おもかげ」是「面影」（旧时的模样）。","en":"おもかげ is 「面影」 (a trace of how something used to look)."},null,{"zh":"「いぶき」是「息吹」（气息、生机）。","en":"いぶき is 「息吹」 (breath, a sign of life)."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-110","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"「初心忘るべからず」という先人の<u>戒め</u>を、今も胸に刻んでいる。","options":["こらしめ","いさめ","かいめ","いましめ"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"“勿忘初心”这句前人的告诫，我至今铭记在心。","en":"I still keep to heart our predecessors' warning: never forget your beginner's spirit."},"why":{"zh":"「戒め（いましめ）」：告诫、教训，动词是「戒める」。","en":"「戒め」 is いましめ: a warning or lesson (verb 「戒める」)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「こらしめ」是「懲らしめ」（惩戒）。","en":"こらしめ is 「懲らしめ」, punishment."},{"zh":"「いさめ」是「諫め」（劝谏）。","en":"いさめ is 「諫め」 (remonstrance)."},{"zh":"「かい」是「戒」的音读（如「警戒」），这里用训读。","en":"かい is the on reading (as in 「警戒」); this word uses the kun reading."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-111","type":"kanji","d":3,"stem":"休日は、昼過ぎまで惰眠を<u>貪る</u>のが唯一の楽しみだ。","options":["むさぼる","いたぶる","ほおばる","あさる"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"假日睡到午后、贪睡懒觉，是我唯一的乐趣。","en":"My one pleasure on days off is lazing in bed till past noon."},"why":{"zh":"「貪る（むさぼる）」：贪婪地追求，「惰眠を貪る」＝贪睡。","en":"「貪る」 is むさぼる: to crave greedily; 「惰眠を貪る」 is to idle away hours in bed."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「いたぶる」是欺负、折磨，写作「甚振る」。","en":"いたぶる is 「甚振る」, to torment."},{"zh":"「ほおばる」是「頬張る」（塞满一嘴）。","en":"ほおばる is 「頬張る」, to stuff one's mouth."},{"zh":"「あさる」是「漁る」（到处搜寻），意思相近但不是这个字。","en":"あさる is 「漁る」 (to scavenge) — close in meaning, different word."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-112","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"地方での勤務を通じて<u>培った</u>人脈が、今の仕事に生きている。","options":["ばいかった","やしなった","つちかった","つちがった"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"在地方工作期间积累的人脉，在现在的工作中派上了用场。","en":"The connections I built up working in the regions are paying off in my job now."},"why":{"zh":"「培う（つちかう）」：培养、培育（能力、关系等）。","en":"「培う」 is つちかう: to cultivate, build up (skills, relationships)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ばい」是「培」的音读（如「栽培」），动词用训读。","en":"ばい is the on reading (as in 「栽培」); the verb uses the kun reading."},{"zh":"「やしなう」写作「養う」，意思相近但汉字不同。","en":"やしなう is 「養う」 — similar meaning, different kanji."},null,{"zh":"第三个音是清音「か」，不是「が」。","en":"The third sound is unvoiced か, not が."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-113","type":"kanji","d":3,"stem":"新たな証拠が見つかり、一審の判決が<u>覆された</u>。","options":["くつかえされた","くつがえされた","ひるがえされた","うらがえされた"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"发现了新证据，一审判决被推翻了。","en":"New evidence turned up and the first-instance ruling was overturned."},"why":{"zh":"「覆す（くつがえす）」：推翻、颠覆。","en":"「覆す」 is くつがえす: to overturn."},"wrong":[{"zh":"第四个音是浊音「が」。","en":"The fourth sound is voiced が."},null,{"zh":"「ひるがえす」是「翻す」（翻转、改变主意）。","en":"ひるがえす is 「翻す」 (to flip, go back on)."},{"zh":"「うらがえす」是「裏返す」（翻过来）。","en":"うらがえす is 「裏返す」, to turn over."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-114","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"留学中の生活費は、すべて奨学金で<u>賄った</u>。","options":["あがなった","うしなった","まかなった","つぐなった"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"留学期间的生活费全部靠奖学金维持。","en":"I covered all my living costs while studying abroad with a scholarship."},"why":{"zh":"「賄う（まかなう）」：（用有限的钱、物）维持、筹措。","en":"「賄う」 is まかなう: to cover, meet (costs) with limited means."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「あがなう」是「贖う」（赎罪）。","en":"あがなう is 「贖う」 (to atone)."},{"zh":"「うしなう」是「失う」（失去）。","en":"うしなう is 「失う」 (to lose)."},null,{"zh":"「つぐなう」是「償う」（赔偿、补偿）。","en":"つぐなう is 「償う」 (to compensate)."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-115","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"公の場では、誤解を招くような発言は<u>慎む</u>べきだ。","options":["いつくしむ","つつむ","つつしむ","おしむ"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"在公开场合，应当谨慎避免容易引起误解的言论。","en":"In public you should refrain from remarks that could be misunderstood."},"why":{"zh":"「慎む（つつしむ）」：谨慎、节制（言行）。","en":"「慎む」 is つつしむ: to refrain from, be careful about (speech, conduct)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「いつくしむ」是「慈しむ」（疼爱）。","en":"いつくしむ is 「慈しむ」 (to cherish)."},{"zh":"「つつむ」是「包む」（包）。","en":"つつむ is 「包む」 (to wrap)."},null,{"zh":"「おしむ」是「惜しむ」（珍惜、吝惜）。","en":"おしむ is 「惜しむ」, to begrudge or value."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-116","type":"kanji","d":3,"refs":["lesson84#vocab"],"stem":"相次ぐ不祥事に、多くの国民が<u>憤り</u>を感じている。","options":["いきどおり","いかり","いきどうり","ふんどおり"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"面对接连不断的丑闻，许多国民感到愤慨。","en":"Many people are indignant at the string of scandals."},"why":{"zh":"「憤り（いきどおり）」：愤慨、愤怒。","en":"「憤り」 is いきどおり: indignation."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「いかり」写作「怒り」；「憤り」读「いきどおり」。","en":"いかり is 「怒り」; 「憤り」 is いきどおり."},{"zh":"长音写作「どお」，不是「どう」。","en":"The long vowel is spelled どお, not どう."},{"zh":"「ふん」是「憤」的音读（如「憤慨」），这里用训读。","en":"ふん is the on reading (as in 「憤慨」); this word uses the kun reading."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-117","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"相手の大きな声にも<u>怯む</u>ことなく、彼女は堂々と反論した。","options":["ちぢむ","ひるむ","ひがむ","おびむ"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"面对对方的大嗓门，她毫不退缩，堂堂正正地反驳。","en":"Undaunted by his raised voice, she argued back with confidence."},"why":{"zh":"「怯む（ひるむ）」：畏缩、胆怯退缩。","en":"「怯む」 is ひるむ: to flinch, lose one's nerve."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ちぢむ」是「縮む」（缩小）。","en":"ちぢむ is 「縮む」, to shrink."},null,{"zh":"「ひがむ」是「僻む」（乖僻、怀恨）。","en":"ひがむ is 「僻む」, to feel resentful."},{"zh":"「怯」在「怯える」里读「おび」，但「怯む」读「ひるむ」，没有「おびむ」。","en":"「怯」 is おび in 「怯える」, but 「怯む」 is ひるむ; おびむ isn't a word."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-118","type":"kanji","d":2,"refs":["lesson91#vocab"],"stem":"式典は、神社の境内で<u>厳か</u>に執り行われた。","options":["おごそか","おごぞか","おこそか","おろそか"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"典礼在神社院内庄严地举行。","en":"The ceremony was solemnly held in the shrine grounds."},"why":{"zh":"「厳か（おごそか）」：庄严、肃穆。","en":"「厳か」 is おごそか: solemn."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"第三个音是清音「そ」，不是「ぞ」。","en":"The third sound is unvoiced そ, not ぞ."},{"zh":"第二个音是浊音「ご」。","en":"The second sound is voiced ご."},{"zh":"「おろそか」是「疎か」（疏忽、马虎）。","en":"おろそか is 「疎か」 (careless, neglectful)."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-119","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"子どもたちが<u>健やか</u>に育つ環境を整えることが、行政の役割だ。","options":["しなやか","すくやか","すこやか","すみやか"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"营造让孩子们健康成长的环境是行政的职责。","en":"It's the government's job to provide an environment where children grow up healthy."},"why":{"zh":"「健やか（すこやか）」：健康、健壮。","en":"「健やか」 is すこやか: healthy, sound."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「しなやか」是柔韧、柔软，写作假名或「嫋やか」。","en":"しなやか means supple; it isn't written 「健やか」."},{"zh":"第二个音是「こ」，不是「く」。","en":"The second sound is こ, not く."},null,{"zh":"「すみやか」是「速やか」（迅速）。","en":"すみやか is 「速やか」 (prompt)."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-120","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"古い港町には、かつて貿易で栄えた<u>名残</u>があちこちに見られる。","options":["めいざん","なごみ","なさけ","なごり"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"在古老的港口小镇，随处可见昔日因贸易而繁荣的遗迹。","en":"All over the old port town you can see traces of the days when it thrived on trade."},"why":{"zh":"「名残（なごり）」：残余、遗迹、余韵，是特殊读法。","en":"「名残」 is なごり: a trace, remnant — a special reading."},"wrong":[{"zh":"这个词不按音读「めいざん」读。","en":"It isn't read with the on readings めいざん."},{"zh":"「なごみ」是「和み」（平和、安宁）。","en":"なごみ is 「和み」, calm."},{"zh":"「なさけ」是「情け」（人情、同情）。","en":"なさけ is 「情け」, compassion."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-121","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"円安の長期化による物価のさらなる上昇が<u>懸念</u>されている。","options":["けんねん","けんえん","けねん","かいねん"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"人们担心日元长期贬值会导致物价进一步上涨。","en":"There are fears that a prolonged weak yen will push prices up even further."},"why":{"zh":"「懸念（けねん）」：担心、忧虑。「懸」在这里读短音「け」。","en":"「懸念」 is けねん: concern. 「懸」 is read け here."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「懸」在这个词里读「け」，不读「けん」。","en":"In this word 「懸」 is け, not けん."},{"zh":"「念」读「ねん」，不是「えん」。","en":"「念」 is ねん, not えん."},null,{"zh":"「懸」不读「かい」。","en":"「懸」 isn't かい."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-122","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"この調査結果は、若者の価値観が大きく変わりつつあることを<u>示唆</u>している。","options":["じさ","しさい","じしゃ","しさ"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"这项调查结果暗示着年轻人的价值观正在发生巨大变化。","en":"The survey results suggest that young people's values are changing considerably."},"why":{"zh":"「示唆（しさ）」：暗示、启发。「示」在这里读「し」。","en":"「示唆」 is しさ: a suggestion, hint. 「示」 is し here."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「示」在这个词里读清音「し」，不读「じ」。","en":"In this word 「示」 is unvoiced し, not じ."},{"zh":"「唆」读「さ」，没有「さい」。","en":"「唆」 is さ; there's no い."},{"zh":"「示」读「し」，「唆」读「さ」，不是「じしゃ」。","en":"「示」 is し and 「唆」 is さ, not じしゃ."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-123","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"この地域では、高齢化が全国平均よりも<u>顕著</u>に進んでいる。","options":["げんちょ","けんちょ","けんちゃく","けんしょ"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"这个地区的老龄化比全国平均水平更为显著。","en":"Ageing is advancing more markedly in this area than the national average."},"why":{"zh":"「顕（けん）」+「著（ちょ）」：「けんちょ」，显著。","en":"「顕」 is けん and 「著」 is ちょ: けんちょ, marked."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「顕」是清音「けん」。","en":"「顕」 is unvoiced けん."},null,{"zh":"「ちゃく」是「着」的读音；「著」读「ちょ」。","en":"ちゃく is 「着」; 「著」 is ちょ."},{"zh":"「著」读「ちょ」（如「著者」），不是「しょ」。","en":"「著」 is ちょ (as in 「著者」), not しょ."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-124","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"新製品の性能は、従来品をはるかに<u>凌ぐ</u>。","options":["かせぐ","そそぐ","しのぐ","しのぶ"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"新产品的性能远远超过以往的产品。","en":"The new product far outperforms the old ones."},"why":{"zh":"「凌ぐ（しのぐ）」：超过、胜过；也指忍受、熬过（「暑さを凌ぐ」）。","en":"「凌ぐ」 is しのぐ: to surpass (also to endure, as in 「暑さを凌ぐ」)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「かせぐ」是「稼ぐ」（挣钱）。","en":"かせぐ is 「稼ぐ」, to earn."},{"zh":"「そそぐ」是「注ぐ」（倒入、倾注）。","en":"そそぐ is 「注ぐ」, to pour."},null,{"zh":"「しのぶ」是「忍ぶ・偲ぶ」（忍耐、怀念）。","en":"しのぶ is 「忍ぶ・偲ぶ」, to endure or to remember fondly."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-125","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"使者は国王の前に進み出て、<u>恭しく</u>頭を下げた。","options":["ものものしく","ういういしく","うやうやしく","よそよそしく"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"使者走到国王面前，恭恭敬敬地低头行礼。","en":"The envoy stepped before the king and bowed respectfully."},"why":{"zh":"「恭しい（うやうやしい）」：恭敬、毕恭毕敬。","en":"「恭しい」 is うやうやしい: deeply respectful."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ものものしい」是「物々しい」（森严、夸张）。","en":"ものものしい is 「物々しい」, imposing or overblown."},{"zh":"「ういういしい」是「初々しい」（天真、青涩）。","en":"ういういしい is 「初々しい」, fresh and innocent."},null,{"zh":"「よそよそしい」是冷淡、见外，与恭敬相反。","en":"よそよそしい is cold and distant."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-126","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"彼は与えられた任務を最後まで責任を持って<u>遂行</u>した。","options":["すいぎょう","ずいこう","ついこう","すいこう"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"他把交给他的任务负责到底地完成了。","en":"He carried out the task he'd been given responsibly to the end."},"why":{"zh":"「遂（すい）」+「行（こう）」：「すいこう」，执行、完成。","en":"「遂」 is すい and 「行」 is こう: すいこう, carrying out."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「行」在这个词里读「こう」，不是「ぎょう」。","en":"「行」 is こう in this word, not ぎょう."},{"zh":"「遂」是清音「すい」。","en":"「遂」 is unvoiced すい."},{"zh":"「遂」读「すい」；「つい」是「遂に」的训读。","en":"「遂」 is すい; つい is the kun reading in 「遂に」."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-127","type":"kanji","d":2,"refs":["lesson77#vocab"],"stem":"この和菓子店は、創業三百年を誇る<u>老舗</u>だ。","options":["ろうてん","しにみせ","しにせ","ろうほ"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"这家日式点心店是创业三百年的老字号。","en":"This sweet shop is a long-established business, proudly three hundred years old."},"why":{"zh":"「老舗（しにせ）」：老字号，是特殊读法。","en":"「老舗」 is しにせ: an old, established shop — a special reading."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ろうてん」是把「舗」读成了「店」。","en":"ろうてん reads 「舗」 as if it were 「店」."},{"zh":"是「しにせ」，没有「み」。","en":"It's しにせ, without み."},null,{"zh":"「舗」单独读「ほ」（如「店舗」），但「老舗」是特殊读法「しにせ」。","en":"「舗」 alone is ほ (as in 「店舗」), but 「老舗」 has the special reading しにせ."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-128","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"この化粧品は「肌が若返る」と<u>謳って</u>いるが、効果は疑わしい。","options":["うたって","ほこって","うったえて","いつわって"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"这款化妆品宣称“能让肌肤变年轻”，但效果值得怀疑。","en":"This cosmetic claims to \"rejuvenate your skin\", but the effect is doubtful."},"why":{"zh":"「謳う（うたう）」：明确宣称、标榜（广告、法律条文等）。","en":"「謳う」 is うたう: to proclaim, to state as a selling point."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「ほこる」是「誇る」（自豪）。","en":"ほこる is 「誇る」, to take pride in."},{"zh":"「うったえる」是「訴える」（申诉、呼吁）。","en":"うったえる is 「訴える」, to appeal or complain."},{"zh":"「いつわる」是「偽る」（伪装、说谎）。","en":"いつわる is 「偽る」, to falsify."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-129","type":"kanji","d":2,"refs":["lesson88#vocab"],"stem":"会社ぐるみでデータの不正を<u>隠蔽</u>していたことが明らかになった。","options":["いんへい","いんべい","いんぺい","おんぺい"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"公司上下合谋隐瞒数据造假的事被曝光了。","en":"It came out that the whole company had been covering up the falsified data."},"why":{"zh":"「隠蔽（いんぺい）」：隐瞒、掩盖。「蔽」在「ん」后变成半浊音「ぺい」。","en":"「隠蔽」 is いんぺい: a cover-up. After ん, 「蔽」 becomes ぺい."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「ん」后面是半浊音「ぺ」，不是「へ」。","en":"After ん it's ぺ, not へ."},{"zh":"是半浊音「ぺ」，不是浊音「べ」。","en":"It's ぺ, not べ."},null,{"zh":"「隠」读「いん」，不读「おん」。","en":"「隠」 is いん, not おん."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-130","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"人を学歴や肩書きで<u>蔑む</u>ような態度は、決して許されない。","options":["さげすむ","いとなむ","なぐさむ","さいなむ"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"凭学历或头衔轻视他人的态度，是绝对不能容忍的。","en":"Looking down on people for their schooling or titles is never acceptable."},"why":{"zh":"「蔑む（さげすむ）」：轻视、蔑视。","en":"「蔑む」 is さげすむ: to look down on, despise."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"「いとなむ」是「営む」（经营）。","en":"いとなむ is 「営む」, to run (a business)."},{"zh":"「なぐさむ」是「慰む」（得到安慰）。","en":"なぐさむ is 「慰む」, to be consoled."},{"zh":"「さいなむ」是「苛む」（折磨），不是轻视。","en":"さいなむ is 「苛む」, to torment."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-131","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"証拠を突きつけられても、彼は<u>厳然</u>たる態度を崩さなかった。","options":["げんねん","がんぜん","げんぜん","ごんぜん"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"即使被摆出证据，他也没有丝毫改变那威严不动的态度。","en":"Even when confronted with the evidence, he kept his stern, unshaken bearing."},"why":{"zh":"「厳然（げんぜん）」：威严、不可动摇；常用「厳然たる」「厳然とした」。","en":"「厳然」 is げんぜん: stern, unshakable; often 「厳然たる」 / 「厳然とした」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「然」读「ぜん」（如「自然」），不是「ねん」。","en":"「然」 is ぜん (as in 「自然」), not ねん."},{"zh":"「厳」读「げん」，不读「がん」（「がん」是「頑」「岩」）。","en":"「厳」 is げん, not がん (that's 「頑」 or 「岩」)."},null,{"zh":"「ごん」是「厳」在「荘厳（そうごん）」里的特殊读法，这里读「げん」。","en":"ごん is 「厳」 only in special words like 「荘厳」 (そうごん); here it's げん."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-132","type":"kanji","d":3,"stem":"高い山々に<u>阻まれて</u>、救助隊はなかなか現場に近づけなかった。","options":["こばまれて","はさまれて","はばかられて","はばまれて"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"被高山阻隔，救援队迟迟无法接近现场。","en":"Blocked by high mountains, the rescue team struggled to get near the site."},"why":{"zh":"「阻む（はばむ）」：阻挡、阻碍；被动「阻まれる」。","en":"「阻む」 is はばむ: to block, obstruct; passive 「阻まれる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「こばむ」写作「拒む」（拒绝），不是「阻む」。","en":"こばむ is 「拒む」 (to refuse), not 「阻む」."},{"zh":"「はさむ」写作「挟む」（夹），读法和意思都不对。","en":"はさむ is 「挟む」 (to sandwich); wrong reading and meaning."},{"zh":"「はばかる」是「憚る」（顾忌），字不同。","en":"はばかる is 「憚る」, to hold back out of deference."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-133","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"亡くなった祖父を<u>弔う</u>ため、親戚が集まった。","options":["うやまう","ねぎらう","とむらう","ともなう"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"亲戚们聚在一起，悼念去世的祖父。","en":"Relatives gathered to mourn my late grandfather."},"why":{"zh":"「弔う（とむらう）」：吊唁、祭奠死者。","en":"「弔う」 is とむらう: to mourn, hold rites for the dead."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「うやまう」是「敬う」（尊敬）。","en":"うやまう is 「敬う」, to respect."},{"zh":"「ねぎらう」是「労う」（慰劳）。","en":"ねぎらう is 「労う」, to thank for hard work."},null,{"zh":"「ともなう」是「伴う」（伴随）。","en":"ともなう is 「伴う」, to accompany."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-134","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"駅から少し離れた<u>閑静</u>な住宅街に、新しい図書館ができた。","options":["かんぜい","けんせい","かんせい","かんじょう"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"在离车站稍远的幽静住宅区，新建了一座图书馆。","en":"A new library has opened in a quiet residential area a little away from the station."},"why":{"zh":"「閑静（かんせい）」：（住宅区等）幽静。","en":"「閑静」 is かんせい: quiet, peaceful (of a neighbourhood)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「静」是清音「せい」，不浊化成「ぜい」。","en":"「静」 is unvoiced せい, not ぜい."},{"zh":"「閑」读「かん」，不读「けん」。","en":"「閑」 is かん, not けん."},null,{"zh":"「静」在这里读「せい」，不读「じょう」（「じょう」见于「静脈」）。","en":"「静」 is せい here; じょう appears only in words like 「静脈」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-135","type":"kanji","d":2,"stem":"顧客の個人情報が、外部に<u>漏洩</u>していたことが分かった。","options":["ろえい","ろうえい","もうえい","ろうしゅつ"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"已查明顾客的个人信息泄露到了外部。","en":"It emerged that customers' personal data had leaked outside the company."},"why":{"zh":"「漏（ろう）」+「洩（えい）」：「ろうえい」，泄露。","en":"「漏」 is ろう and 「洩」 is えい: ろうえい, a leak."},"wrong":[{"zh":"「漏」是长音「ろう」，不是「ろ」。","en":"「漏」 has a long vowel: ろう, not ろ."},null,{"zh":"「漏」读「ろう」（如「漏電」），不是「もう」。","en":"「漏」 is ろう (as in 「漏電」), not もう."},{"zh":"「ろうしゅつ」是「漏出」，「洩」读「えい」，不读「しゅつ」。","en":"ろうしゅつ is 「漏出」; 「洩」 is えい, not しゅつ."}],"rev":2},{"id":"n1-mg-501","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson87#vocab"],"stem":"<u>赴任</u>","options":["彼は先月の株主総会で、社長に赴任した。","来週は三日間、福岡の取引先に赴任する予定だ。","毎朝八時に会社に赴任して、まずメールを確認する。","来月から、大阪支社に赴任することになった。"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"赴任：为就任新职而前往任职地。正确句：从下个月起，我要去大阪分公司赴任。","en":"赴任: going to take up a post somewhere. Correct: From next month I'm being posted to the Osaka branch."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「大阪支社に」是新的工作地点，「来月から」表示从此在那里长期工作。\n词义：「赴任」（ふにん）＝因调动、任命前往新的任职地，自动词，地点用「に」，常说「海外に赴任する」「単身赴任」（たんしんふにん，只身到外地工作）。","en":"Clue: 「大阪支社に」 is the new workplace, and 「来月から」 means working there from then on.\nMeaning: 「赴任」 (ふにん) is moving to a new post somewhere, intransitive with 「に」 for the place: 「海外に赴任する」, 「単身赴任」 (たんしんふにん, taking a post away from one's family)."},"wrong":[{"zh":"担任某个职位应该用「就任する」；「赴任」说的是去某地任职，不接「社長に」。","en":"Taking a position is 「就任」; 「赴任」 is going to a place to work, not 「社長に」."},{"zh":"这是短期去外地办事，应该用「出張する」；「赴任」是被派到新岗位长期工作。","en":"A three-day business trip is 「出張」; 「赴任」 is moving to take up a post."},{"zh":"每天上班应该用「出勤する」；「赴任」是一次性的到任。","en":"Going to work every day is 「出勤」; 「赴任」 is a one-off move to a new post."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-502","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson88#vocab"],"stem":"<u>発覚</u>","options":["この地域で、縄文時代の土器が大量に発覚した。","話し合いを重ねた結果、新しい解決策が発覚した。","天文学者が、新しい星を発覚した。","内部調査によって、帳簿の改ざんが発覚した。"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"発覚：（隐瞒的坏事、阴谋）败露。正确句：通过内部调查，账簿篡改的事败露了。","en":"発覚: (a hidden wrongdoing) coming to light. Correct: An internal investigation brought the doctored accounts to light."},"why":{"zh":"线索：主语「帳簿の改ざん」是被隐瞒的不正当行为，「内部調査によって」被揭露出来。\n词义：「発覚」（はっかく）＝隐瞒的坏事、阴谋败露，自动词「〜が発覚する」，常说「不正が発覚する」「事件が発覚する」；发现新事物用「発見」。","en":"Clue: the subject, 「帳簿の改ざん」, is concealed wrongdoing, and 「内部調査によって」 it comes out.\nMeaning: 「発覚」 (はっかく) is hidden wrongdoing or a plot coming to light, intransitive 「〜が発覚する」: 「不正が発覚する」, 「事件が発覚する」. Discovering something new is 「発見」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"出土文物应该用「発見された」或「出土した」；「発覚」只用于不正当的事被揭露。","en":"Finding ancient pottery is 「発見」 or 「出土」; 「発覚」 is for wrongdoing being exposed."},{"zh":"找到解决办法应该用「見つかる」；「発覚」只用于隐瞒的坏事败露。","en":"Finding a solution is 「見つかる」; 「発覚」 is for something hidden and bad coming to light."},{"zh":"发现新星是「発見した」，「発覚」也不能带宾语。","en":"Discovering a star is 「発見した」; 「発覚」 can't take an object either."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-503","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson88#vocab"],"stem":"<u>漂う</u>","options":["会議室には、重苦しい雰囲気が漂っていた。","祭りの日の駅前には、大勢の人が漂っていた。","新しいカフェの評判が、口コミで町中に漂った。","暑さで、額から汗が漂ってきた。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"漂う：漂浮；（气氛、气味）弥漫。正确句：会议室里弥漫着沉重的气氛。","en":"漂う: to drift; (an atmosphere, a smell) to hang in the air. Correct: A heavy atmosphere hung over the meeting room."},"why":{"zh":"线索：主语是「重苦しい雰囲気」，气氛这种看不见的东西笼罩着会议室。\n词义：「漂う」（ただよう）＝在水面、空中漂浮；引申为气氛、气味弥漫，自动词，常说「香りが漂う」「緊張感が漂う」。","en":"Clue: the subject is 「重苦しい雰囲気」 — an atmosphere, something unseen, hanging over the room.\nMeaning: 「漂う」 (ただよう) is to drift on water or in the air, and by extension for a mood or smell to fill a place; intransitive: 「香りが漂う」, 「緊張感が漂う」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"人多应该用「あふれる」或「行き交う」；「漂う」不用来说人群聚集。","en":"Crowds 「あふれる」 or 「行き交う」; 「漂う」 isn't used for people gathering."},{"zh":"传开应该用「広まる」；「漂う」是飘荡、弥漫，不是传播。","en":"A reputation 「広まる」 — spreads; 「漂う」 is drifting or hanging, not spreading."},{"zh":"汗冒出来应该用「にじむ」或「流れる」；「漂う」是气味、气氛等在空中飘荡。","en":"Sweat 「にじむ」 or 「流れる」; 「漂う」 is for smells and atmospheres hanging in the air."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-504","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson91#vocab"],"stem":"<u>怠る</u>","options":["安全確認を怠ったことが、事故の原因だった。","疲れていたので、今日は会社を怠って家で寝ていた。","寝坊したせいで、いつもの電車に怠ってしまった。","年を取って、足腰がすっかり怠ってしまった。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"怠る：懈怠、疏忽（应做的事）。正确句：疏忽安全确认是事故的原因。","en":"怠る: to neglect (something you should do). Correct: Neglecting the safety checks caused the accident."},"why":{"zh":"线索：宾语「安全確認」是本该做好的事，没做好才导致事故。\n词义：「怠る」（おこたる）＝懈怠、疏忽（应尽的职责），他动词，主语是人，常说「注意を怠る」「努力を怠る」。","en":"Clue: the object, 「安全確認」, is something that should have been done, and skipping it caused the accident.\nMeaning: 「怠る」 (おこたる) is to neglect a duty; transitive, with a person as subject: 「注意を怠る」, 「努力を怠る」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"请假不去上班是「休んで」；不能说「会社を怠る」。","en":"Taking a day off is 「休んで」; 「会社を怠る」 isn't said."},{"zh":"没赶上电车应该用「乗り遅れる」；「怠る」是该做的事没做。","en":"Missing a train is 「乗り遅れる」; 「怠る」 is neglecting a duty."},{"zh":"体力衰退应该用「衰える」；「怠る」的主语是人，宾语是该做的事。","en":"Legs weakening with age is 「衰える」; 「怠る」 needs a person neglecting a task."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-505","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson84#vocab"],"stem":"<u>及ぼす</u>","options":["喫煙は、本人だけでなく周囲の人の健康にも悪影響を及ぼす。","努力の結果、彼の成績はついに学年一位に及ぼした。","会議では、全員に意見を述べる機会を及ぼすべきだ。","国は、被災した農家に支援金を及ぼすことを決めた。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"及ぼす：使（影响、损害）波及到……。正确句：吸烟不仅影响本人，也会给周围人的健康带来坏影响。","en":"及ぼす: to bring (an influence, harm) to bear on. Correct: Smoking harms not only the smoker but the health of those around them."},"why":{"zh":"线索：宾语是「悪影響」，从吸烟波及到「周囲の人の健康」，即「〜に…を及ぼす」。\n词义：「及ぼす」（およぼす）＝使影响、损害波及到某对象，他动词，常说「影響を及ぼす」「被害を及ぼす」；对应的自动词是「及ぶ」（およぶ）：「被害が広範囲に及ぶ」。","en":"Clue: the object is 「悪影響」, reaching 「周囲の人の健康」: the 「〜に…を及ぼす」 pattern.\nMeaning: 「及ぼす」 (およぼす) is to bring an effect or harm to bear on something, transitive: 「影響を及ぼす」, 「被害を及ぼす」. The intransitive partner is 「及ぶ」 (およぶ): 「被害が広範囲に及ぶ」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"成绩达到第一是「達した」（自动词）；「及ぶ」用于范围、程度扩展到某处（「被害が全国に及ぶ」），不说「一位に及ぶ」。","en":"Reaching first place is 「達した」 (intransitive); 「及ぶ」 is for extent or range reaching somewhere (「被害が全国に及ぶ」), not for reaching a rank."},{"zh":"给机会应该用「与える」；「及ぼす」只用于影响、危害波及到对方。","en":"Giving a chance is 「与える」; 「及ぼす」 is for influence or harm extending to something."},{"zh":"发放补助金应该用「支給する」；「及ぼす」只接影响、损害等抽象的东西。","en":"Paying out aid is 「支給する」; 「及ぼす」 takes effects or damage, not money."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-506","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson83#vocab"],"stem":"<u>打ち切る</u>","options":["彼は友人の誘いをきっぱりと打ち切った。","マラソン大会で、彼は四十二キロを最後まで打ち切った。","彼女は長年勤めた会社を、今月いっぱいで打ち切ることにした。","視聴率が低迷し、その番組はわずか半年で打ち切られた。"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"打ち切る：（中途）停止、终止（谈判、连载、节目等）。正确句：收视率低迷，那个节目仅半年就被停播了。","en":"打ち切る: to cut short, discontinue (talks, a series, a programme). Correct: Ratings were poor, and the show was cancelled after just six months."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「視聴率が低迷し」「わずか半年で」，节目因收视差被中途停掉，用被动「打ち切られた」。\n词义：「打ち切る」（うちきる）＝把进行中的事中途终止，他动词，常说「交渉を打ち切る」「連載が打ち切られる」；名词「打ち切り」：「番組が打ち切りになる」。","en":"Clue: 「視聴率が低迷し」, 「わずか半年で」 — the show was stopped early, in the passive 「打ち切られた」.\nMeaning: 「打ち切る」 (うちきる) is to cut short something in progress, transitive: 「交渉を打ち切る」, 「連載が打ち切られる」; the noun: 「番組が打ち切りになる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"拒绝邀请应该用「断る」；「打ち切る」是终止进行中的事。","en":"Turning down an invitation is 「断る」; 「打ち切る」 ends something already under way."},{"zh":"跑完全程应该用「走り切る」「完走する」；「打ち切る」是半途结束，正好相反。","en":"Finishing the race is 「走り切る」 or 「完走する」; 「打ち切る」 is stopping partway."},{"zh":"辞职应该用「辞める」；「打ち切る」是中途终止某项活动，不用于离开公司。","en":"Leaving a company is 「辞める」; 「打ち切る」 is cutting short an activity."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-507","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>携わる</u>","options":["最近、悪い仲間と携わるようになって、母が心配している。","父は四十年間、橋の設計に携わってきた。","学生時代はテニス部に携わって、毎日練習に励んだ。","大事な書類を携わって、取引先へ向かった。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"携わる：从事、参与（某项工作）。正确句：父亲四十年来一直从事桥梁设计。","en":"携わる: to be engaged in, involved in (a line of work). Correct: My father has worked in bridge design for forty years."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「四十年間」「橋の設計に」，长期从事的是一项工作，用「〜に携わる」。\n词义：「携わる」（たずさわる）＝从事、参与（工作、事业），自动词，对象用「に」，常说「教育に携わる」「研究に携わる」；注意与「携える」（たずさえる，携带）区分。","en":"Clue: 「四十年間」, 「橋の設計に」 — a line of work done for decades: 「〜に携わる」.\nMeaning: 「携わる」 (たずさわる) is to be engaged in work or a field, intransitive with 「に」: 「教育に携わる」, 「研究に携わる」. Don't confuse it with 「携える」 (たずさえる), to carry."},"wrong":[{"zh":"与人交往应该用「付き合う」或「関わる」；「携わる」的对象是工作或事业，不是人。","en":"Mixing with people is 「付き合う」 or 「関わる」; 「携わる」 takes work, not people."},null,{"zh":"参加社团应该用「所属する」「入る」；「携わる」指从事工作、业务。","en":"Belonging to a club is 「所属する」 or 「入る」; 「携わる」 is for professional work."},{"zh":"随身带着应该用「携える」；「携わる」是从事某项工作。","en":"Carrying documents is 「携える」; 「携わる」 is to be engaged in work."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-508","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>発足</u>","options":["決勝戦は、午後一時に発足する予定だ。","駅前の新しい商業ビルが、来月ついに発足する。","来月、環境問題を検討する新しい委員会が発足する。","彼のアイデアから発足した商品が、大ヒットした。"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"発足：（组织、机构、制度）成立、开始运作。正确句：下个月，讨论环境问题的新委员会将成立。","en":"発足: (an organization, a system) being launched. Correct: Next month a new committee on environmental issues will be launched."},"why":{"zh":"线索：主语是「新しい委員会」，委员会这种组织新成立、开始活动。\n词义：「発足」（ほっそく，也读はっそく）＝团体、机构、制度成立并开始运作，自动词，常说「新内閣が発足する」「委員会が発足する」。","en":"Clue: the subject is 「新しい委員会」 — an organization being set up and starting work.\nMeaning: 「発足」 (ほっそく, also はっそく) is a body, organization or system being launched; intransitive: 「新内閣が発足する」, 「委員会が発足する」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"比赛开始应该用「開始」「始まる」；「発足」是组织成立。","en":"A match 「始まる」; 「発足」 is for founding an organisation."},{"zh":"商业设施开张应该用「開業する」「オープンする」；「発足」用于组织、机构、制度的成立。","en":"A building opening is 「開業」; 「発足」 is for an organisation or system being set up."},null,{"zh":"商品诞生应该用「生まれる」；「発足」不用于产品。","en":"A product is 「生まれる」; 「発足」 isn't used for products."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-509","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>拍車</u>","options":["円安が、物価の上昇にさらに拍車をかけた。","部長の冗談が、張り詰めていた会議の空気に拍車をかけ、皆の顔に笑みが戻った。","試験前の大事な時期なので、体調管理に拍車をかけている。","政府は規制を強化して、物価の上昇に拍車をかけるべきだ。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"拍車：马刺；「拍車をかける」＝加速、促进（事态发展）。正确句：日元贬值进一步加剧了物价上涨。","en":"拍車: a spur; 「拍車をかける」 is to spur on, accelerate (a trend). Correct: The weak yen spurred prices even higher."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「円安が」让「物価の上昇」这个已有的势头更猛，用「さらに〜に拍車をかけた」。\n词义：「拍車」（はくしゃ）＝马靴上的马刺，「〜に拍車をかける」＝使某种趋势加速，常说「人口減少に拍車をかける」，自动说法是「拍車がかかる」；反义是「歯止めをかける」。","en":"Clue: 「円安が」 pushes an existing trend, 「物価の上昇」, even faster: 「さらに〜に拍車をかけた」.\nMeaning: 「拍車」 (はくしゃ) is a spur; 「〜に拍車をかける」 is to accelerate a trend: 「人口減少に拍車をかける」, intransitive 「拍車がかかる」. The opposite is 「歯止めをかける」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"缓和气氛应该用「和ませる」；「拍車をかける」是使事态加速发展。","en":"Easing the mood is 「和ませる」; 「拍車をかける」 accelerates a trend."},{"zh":"注意身体应该用「気を配る」；「拍車をかける」是让某种势头更猛。","en":"Taking care of one's health is 「気を配る」; 「拍車をかける」 adds momentum to a trend."},{"zh":"要抑制物价应该用「歯止めをかける」；「拍車をかける」是加速、推动，意思正好相反。","en":"Curbing prices is 「歯止めをかける」; 「拍車をかける」 speeds things up — the opposite."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-510","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>頑な</u>","options":["彼は周りの忠告に耳を貸さず、頑なに自分のやり方を変えなかった。","このパンは焼いてから時間がたったので、頑なになってしまった。","この橋は頑なな作りなので、大きな地震にも耐えられる。","毎日運動して、頑なな体を作りたい。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"頑な：固执、顽固（态度）。正确句：他不听周围人的劝告，固执地不改变自己的做法。","en":"頑な: stubborn, obstinate (in attitude). Correct: He ignored everyone's advice and stubbornly refused to change his ways."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「周りの忠告に耳を貸さず」「自分のやり方を変えなかった」，说的是人的态度固执不肯变。\n词义：「頑な」（かたくな）＝固执、顽固，不听别人的意见，形容动词，形容人的态度，常说「頑なに拒む」「頑なな態度」。","en":"Clue: 「周りの忠告に耳を貸さず」, 「自分のやり方を変えなかった」 — a person's attitude that won't budge.\nMeaning: 「頑な」 (かたくな) is obstinate, deaf to others' views, a na-adjective for attitudes: 「頑なに拒む」, 「頑なな態度」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"面包变硬是「硬くなって」。","en":"Bread going stale and hard is 「硬くなって」."},{"zh":"桥梁结实是「頑丈な」。","en":"A sturdy bridge is 「頑丈な」."},{"zh":"强壮的身体是「丈夫な」「たくましい」。","en":"A strong body is 「丈夫な」 or 「たくましい」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-511","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>和やか</u>","options":["パーティーは、終始和やかな雰囲気で進んだ。","このスープは、牛乳を加えると和やかな味になる。","この薬は効き目が和やかなので、子どもにも使える。","この坂は和やかなので、お年寄りでも楽に上れる。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"和やか：（气氛、交谈）和睦、融洽。正确句：派对自始至终在融洽的气氛中进行。","en":"和やか: (an atmosphere, a conversation) friendly, harmonious. Correct: The party went on in a warm, friendly atmosphere throughout."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「パーティー」的「雰囲気」，说的是人与人之间相处的气氛融洽。\n词义：「和やか」（なごやか）＝（气氛、交谈）和睦融洽、轻松愉快，形容动词，多用于人们相处的场面，常说「和やかな雰囲気」「和やかに話し合う」。","en":"Clue: the 「雰囲気」 of a 「パーティー」 — the mood between people.\nMeaning: 「和やか」 (なごやか) is warm and friendly, of an atmosphere or conversation between people; a na-adjective: 「和やかな雰囲気」, 「和やかに話し合う」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"味道柔和是「まろやかな」。","en":"A mellow taste is 「まろやかな」."},{"zh":"药效温和是「穏やか」「緩やか」。","en":"A mild medicine is 「穏やか」."},{"zh":"坡度平缓是「緩やかな」「なだらかな」。","en":"A gentle slope is 「緩やかな」 or 「なだらかな」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-512","type":"youhou","d":3,"refs":["lesson79#vocab"],"stem":"<u>目先</u>","options":["祖父は目先がいいので、遠くの看板の字まで読める。","目先の利益にとらわれず、長い目で物事を考えるべきだ。","目にゴミが入ったようで、目先が痛くて開けられない。","彼は骨董品の目先が確かで、偽物をすぐに見抜く。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"目先：眼前；「目先の〜」＝眼前的、短期的。正确句：不应拘泥于眼前的利益，而应从长远考虑事情。","en":"目先: what's right in front of you; 「目先の〜」 is short-term. Correct: Don't be blinkered by short-term gains; think about things in the long run."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「目先の利益」与后面的「長い目で」相对，指只顾眼前的、短期的好处。\n词义：「目先」（めさき）＝眼前；引申为眼下、短期，多用「目先の〜」，常说「目先の利益」「目先のことにとらわれる」。","en":"Clue: 「目先の利益」 is set against 「長い目で」 — short-term gain versus the long view.\nMeaning: 「目先」 (めさき) is right in front of your eyes, and so the immediate, short term, mostly as 「目先の〜」: 「目先の利益」, 「目先のことにとらわれる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"视力好是「目がいい」。","en":"Good eyesight is 「目がいい」."},null,{"zh":"眼睛疼是「目が痛くて」。","en":"Sore eyes is 「目が痛くて」."},{"zh":"鉴别力强是「目利き」「鑑識眼」。","en":"A good eye for antiques is 「目利き」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-513","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson92#vocab"],"stem":"<u>見極める</u>","options":["情報が本当に正しいかどうか、しっかり見極める必要がある。","子どもたちが遊ぶ様子を、母親たちがそばで見極めていた。","帰国する友人を、空港まで見極めに行った。","山の頂上から、ふもとの町を見極めた。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"見極める：看清、辨明（真伪、本质）。正确句：需要好好辨明信息是否真的正确。","en":"見極める: to see clearly, ascertain (truth, real nature). Correct: You need to judge carefully whether the information is really true."},"why":{"zh":"线索：宾语是「情報が本当に正しいかどうか」，要做的是辨明真伪。\n词义：「見極める」（みきわめる）＝看清、辨明（真伪、本质、时机），他动词，常说「真偽を見極める」「本質を見極める」。","en":"Clue: the object is 「情報が本当に正しいかどうか」 — telling whether it's true.\nMeaning: 「見極める」 (みきわめる) is to see clearly, get to the truth or real nature of something, or judge the right moment; transitive: 「真偽を見極める」, 「本質を見極める」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"在旁边看护是「見守っていた」。","en":"Watching over children is 「見守っていた」."},{"zh":"送行是「見送りに」。","en":"Seeing someone off is 「見送りに」."},{"zh":"从山顶眺望是「見渡した」。","en":"Looking out over a town is 「見渡した」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-514","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson87#vocab"],"stem":"<u>心細い</u>","options":["彼の心細い気配りのおかげで、パーティーは大成功だった。","彼女は心細い性格で、人前で話すのが苦手だ。","初めての一人暮らしで、夜になるといつも心細かった。","彼女は心細い字で、小さな手紙を書いた。"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"心細い：（没有依靠而）不安、心里没底。正确句：第一次一个人生活，一到晚上总是很不安。","en":"心細い: feeling helpless, uneasy (with no one to rely on). Correct: Living alone for the first time, I always felt lonely and uneasy at night."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「初めての一人暮らし」「夜になると」，一个人没有依靠，心里不安。\n词义：「心細い」（こころぼそい）＝没有依靠、心里没底、孤单不安，说的是某时的心情而非性格，常说「一人では心細い」「心細い思いをする」。","en":"Clue: 「初めての一人暮らし」, 「夜になると」 — alone with no one to lean on, feeling uneasy.\nMeaning: 「心細い」 (こころぼそい) is feeling helpless and uneasy for lack of support — a feeling at a given time, not a trait: 「一人では心細い」, 「心細い思いをする」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"细致周到应该用「細やかな」；「心細い」是心里没底、不安。","en":"Attentive care is 「細やかな」; 「心細い」 is feeling forlorn."},{"zh":"性格内向应该用「内気な」；「心細い」是一时感到孤单不安，不形容性格。","en":"A shy personality is 「内気」; 「心細い」 is a passing feeling of helplessness, not a trait."},null,{"zh":"字迹纤细是「細い字」。","en":"Thin handwriting is 「細い字」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-515","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson90#vocab"],"stem":"<u>痛手</u>","options":["主力選手のけがによる離脱は、チームにとって大きな痛手だ。","試合に負けた悔しさを痛手に、彼はさらに練習に励んだ。","肩の痛手がなかなか取れず、整体に通っている。","彼は人前で話すのが痛手で、発表のたびに緊張してしまう。"],"answer":0,"tr":{"zh":"痛手：（精神、经济上的）沉重打击、重创。正确句：主力选手因伤离队，对球队来说是沉重打击。","en":"痛手: a heavy blow (to a team, finances, morale). Correct: Losing the key player to injury is a heavy blow for the team."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「主力選手のけがによる離脱」对「チーム」造成重大损失，「〜にとって大きな痛手だ」。\n词义：「痛手」（いたで）＝原指重伤，现在多指精神、经济、组织上的沉重打击，常说「大きな痛手を受ける」「〜にとって痛手だ」；身体的疼痛用「痛み」。","en":"Clue: losing a key player, 「主力選手のけがによる離脱」, is a big loss for the 「チーム」: 「〜にとって大きな痛手だ」.\nMeaning: 「痛手」 (いたで) is originally a serious wound, now mostly a heavy blow to morale, finances or an organization: 「大きな痛手を受ける」, 「〜にとって痛手だ」. Bodily pain is 「痛み」."},"wrong":[null,{"zh":"把挫折化为动力应该用「バネに」；「痛手」是打击本身，不能“作为动力”。","en":"Turning frustration into drive is 「〜をバネに」; 「痛手」 is the blow itself."},{"zh":"身体的疼痛应该用「痛み」；「痛手」是严重的打击、损失。","en":"Physical pain is 「痛み」; 「痛手」 is a serious blow or loss."},{"zh":"不擅长应该用「苦手」；「痛手」是损失、打击。","en":"Being bad at something is 「苦手」; 「痛手」 is a blow."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-516","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson82#vocab"],"stem":"<u>打ち出す</u>","options":["長年の悩みを、思い切って親友に打ち出した。","政府は、少子化対策として新たな方針を打ち出した。","彼は寝る間も惜しんで研究に打ち出している。","雨が強くなったので、試合を途中で打ち出した。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"打ち出す：（明确地）提出、推出（方针、政策）。正确句：政府推出了新的方针作为应对少子化的对策。","en":"打ち出す: to set out, put forward (a policy, a direction). Correct: The government set out a new policy to tackle the falling birth rate."},"why":{"zh":"线索：主语「政府」，宾语「新たな方針」，是政府明确对外提出方针。\n词义：「打ち出す」（うちだす）＝明确地提出、推出（方针、政策、主张），他动词，常说「方針を打ち出す」「対策を打ち出す」。","en":"Clue: the subject is 「政府」 and the object 「新たな方針」 — a government publicly setting out a policy.\nMeaning: 「打ち出す」 (うちだす) is to set out clearly, launch (a policy, plan or stance), transitive: 「方針を打ち出す」, 「対策を打ち出す」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"倾诉烦恼是「打ち明けた」。","en":"Confiding a worry is 「打ち明けた」."},null,{"zh":"埋头研究是「打ち込んでいる」。","en":"Throwing yourself into research is 「打ち込んでいる」."},{"zh":"中途停止比赛是「打ち切った」。","en":"Calling a match off midway is 「打ち切った」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-517","type":"youhou","d":2,"refs":["lesson91#vocab"],"stem":"<u>振る舞い</u>","options":["彼は振る舞いを交えながら、旅先での出来事を楽しそうに話した。","この町の、昔ながらの家並みの振る舞いが好きだ。","酒の席での彼の失礼な振る舞いに、皆があきれた。","彼のバットの振る舞いは鋭く、打球も速い。"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"振る舞い：举止、行为。正确句：大家对他在酒席上的失礼举止感到无语。","en":"振る舞い: behaviour, conduct. Correct: Everyone was appalled at how rudely he behaved at the drinking party."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「酒の席での」「失礼な」修饰它，说的是人在场合中的举止。\n词义：「振る舞い」（ふるまい）＝人的举止、行为表现，常说「立派な振る舞い」「勝手な振る舞い」；动词「振る舞う」还有请客、款待的意思：「料理を振る舞う」。","en":"Clue: 「酒の席での」 and 「失礼な」 describe it — how a person behaved on an occasion.\nMeaning: 「振る舞い」 (ふるまい) is a person's behaviour, conduct: 「立派な振る舞い」, 「勝手な振る舞い」. The verb 「振る舞う」 can also mean to treat people to food: 「料理を振る舞う」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"说话时比手画脚应该用「身振り」；「振る舞い」是整体的言行举止。","en":"Gesturing while talking is 「身振り」; 「振る舞い」 is one's behaviour as a whole."},{"zh":"街道、建筑给人的样子应该用「たたずまい」；「振る舞い」用于人的行为。","en":"The look of old streets is 「たたずまい」; 「振る舞い」 is for how people behave."},null,{"zh":"挥棒是「振り」（バットの振り）。","en":"A batting swing is 「振り」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-518","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>余波</u>","options":["時間に余波を持って、早めに家を出た。","台風の余波で、今日も交通機関に乱れが出ている。","このノートは余波が広いので、メモを書き込みやすい。","コンサートが終わっても、しばらく感動の余波に浸っていた。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"余波：余波；（事件、灾害）留下的影响。正确句：受台风余波影响，今天交通依然混乱。","en":"余波: aftermath; the after-effects of an event or disaster. Correct: In the aftermath of the typhoon, transport is still disrupted today."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「台風の余波で」「今日も」，台风过去后影响还在，交通依然混乱。\n词义：「余波」（よは）＝风停后的余浪；比喻事件、灾害过后留下的影响，常说「台風の余波」「〜の余波を受ける」。","en":"Clue: 「台風の余波で」, 「今日も」 — the typhoon has passed but its effects linger.\nMeaning: 「余波」 (よは) is the swell left after a storm, and figuratively the after-effects of an event: 「台風の余波」, 「〜の余波を受ける」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"时间宽裕是「余裕」。","en":"Leaving time to spare is 「余裕」."},null,{"zh":"纸张的空白是「余白」。","en":"Margins on a page are 「余白」."},{"zh":"沉浸在感动中是「余韻」。","en":"Basking in emotion afterwards is 「余韻」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-519","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>手際</u>","options":["この布は手際が柔らかくて、肌に優しい。","彼女は手際よく、あっという間に十人分の料理を作った。","彼は手際が器用で、細かい模型作りが得意だ。","料理を作る前に、まず手際を確認しておこう。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"手際：（处理事情的）手法、本领。正确句：她干净利落，转眼间就做好了十个人的饭菜。","en":"手際: skill, efficiency in handling things. Correct: She deftly made a meal for ten in no time."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「手際よく」修饰做饭，「あっという間に十人分」说明做得又快又利落。\n词义：「手際」（てぎわ）＝处理事情的手法、熟练程度，常说「手際がいい・悪い」「手際よく片付ける」。","en":"Clue: 「手際よく」 describes the cooking, and 「あっという間に十人分」 shows it was quick and neat.\nMeaning: 「手際」 (てぎわ) is how skilfully and efficiently a task is handled: 「手際がいい・悪い」, 「手際よく片付ける」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"触感应该用「手触り」；「手際」是处理事情的本领。","en":"How cloth feels is 「手触り」; 「手際」 is skill in handling things."},null,{"zh":"手巧应该用「手先が器用」；「手際」说「手際がいい」，不说「器用」。","en":"Nimble fingers are 「手先が器用」; 「手際」 goes with 「いい」, not 「器用」."},{"zh":"步骤应该用「手順」；「手際」是做事的熟练程度。","en":"Steps are 「手順」; 「手際」 is how deftly something is done."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-520","type":"youhou","d":3,"stem":"<u>さぞ</u>","options":["昨日は一日中歩いたので、私はさぞ疲れた。","締め切りが近いので、さぞ早く提出してください。","明日はさぞ雨が降るので、傘を持っていこう。","一人で三人の子どもを育てるのは、さぞ大変だったでしょう。"],"answer":3,"tr":{"zh":"さぞ：想必、一定（推测他人的心情、处境，多与「でしょう」呼应）。正确句：一个人抚养三个孩子，想必很辛苦吧。","en":"さぞ: surely, must have been (imagining someone else's feelings; usually with 「でしょう」). Correct: Raising three children on your own must have been really hard."},"why":{"zh":"线索：说的是对方「一人で三人の子どもを育てる」的辛苦，句末「でしょう」表示推测。\n词义：「さぞ」＝想必（很……），推测别人的心情或处境，常与「でしょう・だろう」呼应，常说「さぞお疲れでしょう」「さぞ驚いたことだろう」；加强说法是「さぞかし」。","en":"Clue: it is about someone else's hardship, 「一人で三人の子どもを育てる」, and 「でしょう」 at the end marks a guess.\nMeaning: 「さぞ」 is \"surely, must be\", imagining another person's feelings or situation, usually with 「でしょう・だろう」: 「さぞお疲れでしょう」, 「さぞ驚いたことだろう」. A stronger form is 「さぞかし」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"说自己的感受用「とても」「ひどく」，「さぞ」是推测别人。","en":"For your own feelings use 「とても」; 「さぞ」 is for guessing at others'."},{"zh":"请求尽快用「なるべく」「できるだけ」。","en":"\"As soon as possible\" is 「なるべく」 or 「できるだけ」."},{"zh":"预测天气用「きっと」，而且「さぞ」后要接推量形。","en":"Predicting weather is 「きっと」; 「さぞ」 also needs でしょう after it."},null],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-521","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>ひたむき</u>","options":["初めての海外旅行で、見るものすべてがひたむきで楽しかった。","私の質問に、彼はひたむきに「知らない」とだけ答えた。","彼女のひたむきな努力が、ついに実を結んだ。","医者に、しばらくはひたむきに安静にしているよう言われた。"],"answer":2,"tr":{"zh":"ひたむき：一心一意、专心致志。正确句：她一心一意的努力终于有了结果。","en":"ひたむき: single-minded, wholehearted. Correct: Her single-minded efforts finally paid off."},"why":{"zh":"线索：修饰「努力」，「ついに実を結んだ」说明她长期全心投入。\n词义：「ひたむき」＝一心一意、专心致志地朝目标努力，形容动词，形容人的态度，常说「ひたむきな努力」「ひたむきに生きる」。","en":"Clue: it describes 「努力」, and 「ついに実を結んだ」 shows long, wholehearted work.\nMeaning: 「ひたむき」 is single-minded, devoted to a goal, a na-adjective for a person's attitude: 「ひたむきな努力」, 「ひたむきに生きる」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"新奇应该用「新鮮」；「ひたむき」形容人的态度，不形容事物。","en":"Things seeming new are 「新鮮」; 「ひたむき」 describes a person's attitude."},{"zh":"断然、干脆应该用「きっぱりと」或「そっけなく」；「ひたむき」是一心一意地努力。","en":"A flat answer is 「きっぱりと」 or 「そっけなく」; 「ひたむき」 is earnest devotion."},null,{"zh":"一味地、只管应该用「ひたすら」；「ひたむき」形容人对目标全心投入的态度，不用于“静养”。","en":"\"Just keep still\" is 「ひたすら」; 「ひたむき」 describes wholehearted striving."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-522","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>手分け</u>","options":["大皿の料理を、それぞれの小皿に手分けした。","迷子になった子どもを、近所の人たちと手分けして探した。","料理をするときは、肉と野菜でまな板を手分けしている。","祖父の遺産は、三人の兄弟で公平に手分けした。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"手分け：分头（做）、分工。正确句：和邻居们分头寻找走失的孩子。","en":"手分け: splitting a task among people. Correct: We split up with the neighbours to look for the lost child."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「近所の人たちと」一起，把找孩子这一件事分头去做。\n词义：「手分け」（てわけ）＝几个人分担同一件事、分头进行，多用「手分けして〜」，常说「手分けして探す」「手分けして準備する」。","en":"Clue: 「近所の人たちと」 — several people sharing the one job of searching.\nMeaning: 「手分け」 (てわけ) is splitting one task among several people, mostly as 「手分けして〜」: 「手分けして探す」, 「手分けして準備する」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"把菜分到小碟是「取り分けた」。","en":"Serving food onto small plates is 「取り分けた」."},null,{"zh":"按用途分开使用应该用「使い分ける」；「手分け」是多人分担工作。","en":"Using different boards for different things is 「使い分ける」; 「手分け」 is sharing work among people."},{"zh":"分财产应该用「分ける」「分配する」；「手分け」是分工合作做一件事。","en":"Dividing an inheritance is 「分ける」; 「手分け」 is splitting up a task among people."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-523","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>一律</u>","options":["双子の二人は、顔も声も一律だ。","来年度から、全社員の給与が一律に三パーセント引き上げられる。","父は毎朝一律に六時に起きて、散歩に出かける。","話し合いの結果、委員全員の意見が一律した。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"一律：一律、一样（不加区别地对待所有对象）。正确句：从下一年度起，全体员工的工资将统一上调百分之三。","en":"一律: uniformly, across the board. Correct: From next year, all employees' pay will rise by a flat three percent."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「全社員の給与が」「三パーセント」，对所有员工按同样的标准上调。\n词义：「一律」（いちりつ）＝对所有对象同样处理、不加区别，多用于规定、金额，常说「一律に〜する」「全品一律千円」。","en":"Clue: 「全社員の給与が」, 「三パーセント」 — everyone's pay raised by the same amount.\nMeaning: 「一律」 (いちりつ) is uniformly, across the board, mostly of rules and amounts: 「一律に〜する」, 「全品一律千円」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"长得一样应该用「そっくり」；「一律」用于规则、金额等统一适用。","en":"Looking identical is 「そっくり」; 「一律」 is for rules or amounts applied uniformly."},null,{"zh":"每天固定应该用「決まって」；「一律」是对所有对象同样处理。","en":"Doing something at the same time daily is 「決まって」; 「一律」 is treating all cases the same."},{"zh":"意见一致应该用「一致する」；「一律」不能作动词「一律する」。","en":"Opinions 「一致する」; 「一律」 doesn't take する."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-524","type":"youhou","d":3,"stem":"<u>是正</u>","options":["薬を飲んで、ひどい風邪を是正した。","政府は、地域間の医療格差を是正するための政策を打ち出した。","時計が五分遅れていたので、時刻を是正した。","作文を書き終えたら、漢字の書き間違いを是正しなさい。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"是正：纠正（不合理的状况、制度）。正确句：政府推出了纠正地区间医疗差距的政策。","en":"是正: correcting (an unfair situation or system). Correct: The government announced a policy to correct regional gaps in healthcare."},"why":{"zh":"线索：宾语是「地域間の医療格差」，政府要纠正的是不公平、不合理的状况。\n词义：「是正」（ぜせい）＝纠正（不合理的制度、状况），多用于社会、政策方面，常说「格差を是正する」「不均衡を是正する」；改个别错误一般用「訂正」「直す」。","en":"Clue: the object is 「地域間の医療格差」 — an unfair state of affairs for policy to fix.\nMeaning: 「是正」 (ぜせい) is correcting an unfair or improper situation, mostly in social and policy contexts: 「格差を是正する」, 「不均衡を是正する」. Fixing a single mistake is usually 「訂正」 or 「直す」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"治好感冒是「治した」。","en":"Getting over a cold is 「治した」."},null,{"zh":"调准时间是「合わせた」「直した」。","en":"Setting a clock right is 「合わせた」."},{"zh":"改正错字是「直しなさい」「訂正しなさい」。","en":"Fixing miswritten kanji is 「直しなさい」 or 「訂正しなさい」."}],"rev":1},{"id":"n1-mg-525","type":"youhou","d":2,"stem":"<u>重宝</u>","options":["大事な試験なので、重宝に準備をした。","この小型の電子辞書は軽くて、旅行のときに重宝している。","祖父は、若いころの写真を重宝にしまっている。","この古い茶わんは重宝な品なので、美術館に展示されている。"],"answer":1,"tr":{"zh":"重宝：（东西）好用、方便，经常使用。正确句：这个小型电子词典很轻，旅行时很好用。","en":"重宝: handy, useful (of a thing you use a lot). Correct: This little electronic dictionary is light, so it comes in really handy when I travel."},"why":{"zh":"线索：「小型の電子辞書」「軽くて」「旅行のときに」，东西轻便，用起来方便，常常用到。\n词义：「重宝」（ちょうほう）＝东西方便好用、经常使用，可说「重宝する」「重宝な」，常说「旅行に重宝する」「何かと重宝する」。","en":"Clue: 「小型の電子辞書」, 「軽くて」, 「旅行のときに」 — light and handy, so it gets used a lot.\nMeaning: 「重宝」 (ちょうほう) is being handy and much used, as 「重宝する」 or 「重宝な」: 「旅行に重宝する」, 「何かと重宝する」."},"wrong":[{"zh":"认真周到应该用「入念に」；「重宝」不表示仔细。","en":"Careful preparation is 「入念に」; 「重宝」 doesn't mean careful."},null,{"zh":"珍重地收着应该用「大切に」；「重宝」是方便好用、常用的意思。","en":"Keeping something with care is 「大切に」; 「重宝」 is being handy and much used."},{"zh":"珍贵应该用「貴重な」；「重宝」是实用、方便，不是珍贵。","en":"Precious is 「貴重」; 「重宝」 is handy, not valuable."}],"rev":1}],"exam":{"scoring":[{"key":"gengo","zh":"言语知识（文字・语汇・语法）","en":"Language knowledge","ja":"言語知識（文字・語彙・文法）","max":60,"min":19,"types":["kanji","bunmyaku","iikae","youhou","bunpou","narabe","bunshou"]},{"key":"dokkai","zh":"阅读","en":"Reading","ja":"読解","max":60,"min":19,"types":["short","mid","long","tougou","shuchou","info"]},{"key":"choukai","zh":"听力","en":"Listening","ja":"聴解","max":60,"min":19,"types":["kadai","point","gaiyou","sokuji","ctougou"]}],"listening":{"max":60,"min":19},"pass":100,"minutes":110,"items":71},"page":"vocabulary"}