Lesson 34 – N4语法总复习N4 Grammar Comprehensive Review

• Causative form (させる) — force / allow
• Causative-passive form (させられる) — be made to do
• Complete verb conjugation table (all 12 forms)

• あげる/もらう/くれる (giving/receiving things)
• てあげる/てもらう/てくれる (giving/receiving actions)
• Politeness scale for request expressions
• させてください/させていただく

• ようにする (make a conscious effort) vs ようになる (naturally come to)
• ように (purpose/goal) vs ために (purpose/goal)
• ように言(い)う (reported request/instruction)

• ことにする (decide for oneself) vs ことになる (it has been decided externally)
• ことにしている (personal rule/habit) vs ことになっている (established rule/regulation)
• ことがある (dictionary form: sometimes / た-form: have had the experience of)
• ことができる (ability, formal version)

• たばかり (just did) / てばかり (always/only doing) / Noun+ばかり (nothing but)
• ところだ (three tenses, three meanings)
• てしまう (completion / regret) → colloquial: ちゃう/じゃう
• ておく (prepare in advance / leave as is) → colloquial: とく
• てある (result state of a deliberate action)

• はずだ (should be / expected to)
• はずがない (there's no way / impossible)
• はずだったのに (was supposed to but didn't)

• Direct passive / indirect passive (nuisance) / possessor passive
• Intransitive verb passive (pure nuisance)
• によって (formal, emphasizes the agent)

• という + Noun (called / about)
• ということ (the fact that / I heard that / in other words)
• といっても (although / even though I say…)

• て以来(いらい) (ever since…)
• にかけて (spanning from… to…)
• において/における (in / at / in terms of)
• に対(たい)して/に対(たい)する (toward / in contrast to)
• について/についての (about / regarding)
• によって/による (by / due to / depending on)
• を通(つう)じて/を通(とお)して (through / throughout)
• をもとに (based on)

• わけだ (no wonder / of course / in other words)
• わけがない (there's no way / impossible)
• わけではない (it's not that…)
• わけにはいかない (can't do / must do)

• ものだ (exclamation / nostalgia / natural norm)
• ものだから (reason with an excuse/apology tone)

There is no sharp boundary between N4 and N3. If you've mastered 80% or more of the grammar above, you're ready to move into N3.

Characteristics of N3 grammar:

1. More formal written expressions: ざるを得(え)ない, ないわけにはいかない, etc.
2. More nuanced mood distinctions: としては/にしては/割(わり)には, etc.
3. More complex compound grammar: からには, 以上(いじょう)は, etc.
4. More fixed collocations: てたまらない, てならない, etc.

You've already covered some N3-level grammar in Day 17 (the わけだ series, もの series, etc.), and formal particles (において, に対(たい)して, etc.) have been moved to the N3 stage, so the transition should be relatively smooth.